Term
Describe the significance of these 3 parts of an ecosystem:
Habitat
Community
Diversity |
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Definition
Habitat- physical place
Community- living things, population
Diversity- Number of different species in a habitat |
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Term
| What does diversity help? |
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Definition
| It improves the stability of an ecosystem |
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Term
| What does an ecosystem model describe? |
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Definition
| It describes how an ecosystem functions. |
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Term
| What does an ecosystem model allow us to do? |
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Definition
| It allows us to predict the future, by changing variables included in the model. |
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Term
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Definition
- Take in energy from the sun
- photosynthesize
- plants
- autotroph
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Term
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Definition
- absorb energy from other organisms
- heterotroph
- animals, most protists
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Term
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Definition
- get energy by consuming/decomposing organic waste
- recycle nutrients
- break down complex molecules
- heterotroph
- fungi & bacteria
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Term
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Definition
| A group of organisms whose energy soures are the same number of steps away from the sun |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants and other organisms that make their own food |
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Term
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Definition
Plant eaters
- cows, caterpillars, elephants, and ducks
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Term
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Definition
Flesh eaters, feed on herbivors, or feed on other carnivors
- tigers, hawks, weasels, pelcans, and killer whale
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Term
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Definition
Eat both plants and animals
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Term
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Definition
Animals that annot make their own foods
- autotrophs, herbivores, arnivors, and omnivors
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Term
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Definition
1. Producers
2. Carnivors
3. Decomposers |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex network of feeding relationships where energy moves through |
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Term
| Where does the energy in an ecosystem go once an organism is eaten? |
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Definition
| Only some remains in body, the rest is used to make ATP during cellular respiration. Anything left esapes as heat. |
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Term
| What did Howard Odum discover? |
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Definition
| That energy stored in the organisms is 1/10 of the level below it. |
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Term
Trophic levels - List feeding levels, highest to lowest
Secondary consumers
Producers
Tertiary consumers
Primary consumers |
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Definition
| Tertiary consumers, Secondary consumers, Primary consumers, Producers |
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Term
| What trophic levels is the energy lessened in? |
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Definition
| The higher trophic levels. |
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Term
| What circulates within an ecosystem? |
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Definition
| Nutrients (calcium and nitrogen) |
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Term
| What did Bormann and Likens experiment show? |
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Definition
| The trees and plants in an ecosystem prevent the water from taken most of the nutrients away from it. If the trees are cut down, more nutrients is washed away by the water. It showed that minerals pass from organisms to habitat and then back again in a cycle. |
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Term
| Why must organisms have nitrogen? |
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Definition
| To make proteins and nucleic acid |
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Term
| What is bacteria's role in the nitrogen cycle? |
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Definition
| Bacteria have enzymes that can break the strong bond of two nitrogen molecules that make a molecule of nitrogen gas. Then, the nitrogen atoms an bond with hydrogen creating ammonia molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of nitrogen that plants absorb and use to make proteins |
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Term
| What is the growth of plants limited by? |
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Definition
| The availability of nitrogen in soil. |
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Term
| Besides plants, what contains nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important, non-living component of an ecosystem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the diversity of organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts (in order) of the water cycle? |
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Definition
Evaporation- water evaporates into the air into water vapor
Condensation- when gas turns to liquid (water vapor condenses into clouds)
Precipitation- water from clouds is released onto ground |
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Term
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Definition
| They use it to build organic molecules during photsynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is produced and released when consumers eat and break down food. Also, by the cellular respiration of decomposers and photosynthetic organisms. Lastly, the burning of fossil fuels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants buried in sediment become fossil fuels. When these plants are burned, CO2 is released. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process where CO2 traps heat from the sun, and warms the atmosphere. |
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Term
| What are the three cycles within an ecosystem? |
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Definition
| Nitrogen, Water, and Carbon |
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Term
| What are the three types of ecosystems? |
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Definition
| Fresh water, Terrestrial, and Ocean |
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Term
| What do Fresh Water ecosystems consist of? |
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Definition
- lakes, ponds, rivers
- diverse population of plankton
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Term
| What are the 3 zones of a Fresh Water ecosystem? |
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Definition
1. Shallow zone
2. Open-water surface zone
3. Deep-water zone |
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Term
| What are Fresh Water ecosystems strongly connected with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the nutrients from a Terrestrial ecosystem flow to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Major ecosystems that occur over wide areas of land |
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Term
| What does the diversity of a biome depend on? |
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Definition
| It's physical nature: soils, terrain, climate |
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Term
| In what ecosystem are biomes located in? |
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Definition
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Term
- MOST rain
- little temp. variation
- ABUNDANT moisture
- Most species
- Tropical parts of S. America, C. America, Asia, Africa, and Australia
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Definition
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Term
- Medium rain (90-150)
- open, widely spaced trees, seasonal rainfall
- Lions, rhinos, elephants, giraffes, gazelles
- Parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, N. America
- Agriculture threatens inhabitants
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Definition
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Term
- LEAST rain
- dry, little vegetation, scattered grasses
- Kangaroo rats, camles, cacti
- Parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and N. America
- Conservation of water
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Definition
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Term
- Medium rain (10-60 cm)
- rich soil, tall, dense grasses
- buffalo, prairie grasses Central N. America, C. Asia
- Bison population greatly decreasing
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Definition
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Term
- Relatively high rain (75-250 cm)
- warm summers, cool winters
- Raccoons, deer, maples, oaks, hickories
- Europe, NE United States, E Canada
- Loss of leaves in trees
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Definition
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Term
- Relatively low rain (20-60 cm)
- Short growing season, cold winters
- hawks, moose, needled-leaved evergreens
- N. Asia, N. North America
- Primary source of lumber
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Definition
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Term
- Second least amount of rain (25 cm.)
- open, wind-swept, dry ground always frozen
- lemmings, mosses
- Far N. Asia, N. North America
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Definition
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Term
| List the biomes from MOST amount of rain to LEAST. |
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Definition
| Tropical Rainforests, Deciduous Forests, Savannas, Coniferous Forests, Tempeture Grasslands, Tundra, Deserts. |
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Term
| What are the three parts of an Ocean ecosystem? |
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Definition
1. Shallow ocean waters contain most diversity
2. Open water surfaces: marine life feed on plankton
3. Deep ocean waters: no light, no photosynthesis |
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Term
| How do organisms in the deep parts of the ocean eat? |
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Definition
| They have light producing body parts that attract prey. They prey on deep sea residents or scavange the dead bodies of organisms that have fallen from above. |
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Term
| What is important about Plankton? |
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Definition
| They are photosynthetic organisms that are the base of acuatic food webs. They account for 40 % of all photosynthesis on Earth. |
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