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Ecology Exam 2
Basic Knowledge for Eco Exam 2
28
Science
Undergraduate 1
10/19/2008

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Term
dN1/dt=r1N1((K1-N1-N2)/K1)
Definition

Lotka-Volterra Model of Competition

(Interspecific Competition)

Term

Assuptions of Lotka-Volterra Model of Competition

(Interspecific Competition)

Definition
Both organisms have same competitive impact on each other
Term

dN1/dt=r1N1((K1-N1-N2)*A*/K1)

Definition

Lotka-Volterra Model of Competition: when species have uneven competition impact on each other

Term
Develped Countries have a higher/lower birth rate and a higher/lower death rate
Definition

lower birth

lower death

Term
Developing Countries have a high/low birth rate and high/low death rate.
Definition

high birth rate

low death rate

Term
Scramble or Exploitive Competition
Definition
No direct interference among species
Term
Interference Competition
Definition
Direct Interference by one or more species to resources
Term
Competitive Exclusion Principle
Definition
No two species using the same resources can coexist
Term
Niche
Definition

role of the organism in an ecosystem

or

Biotic and Abiotic conditions that a species is found in(habitat)

 

Term
Fundamental Niche
Definition
In absence of competition and other biotic interactions (physiological tolerances)
Term
Realized Niche
Definition
Includes interactions with other species
Term
dNR/dt=rNR-cNRNP
Definition

Lotka-Voltera Model

(Predator-Prey Model)

change in ppln for prey

Term
dNR/dt=acNRNP-dNP
Definition
Ppln Growth of Predator (Conversion)
Term
Terms for Vector Field Diagrams on Predation
Definition

NP=r/c

NR=d/ac

Term
What drives cycles in lynx-hare ppln?
Definition
Mainly predation... Food contributes
Term

1930's Gouse's Experiments

Describe Experiments

Definition

Two expriments with Paramecium caudatum-prey and Didinium nausatum-predator.

First experiment  p. caudatum showed expon ppln growth... two dys l8r didinium added all died

Second experiment added sand... caudatum had refuge... eventually lived.

Term

1950's Huffaker Experiments

Describe Experiments

Definition

 Involved Mites

First Experiment singe orange with prey 20dys l8r and predator added all died

Second Experiment 256 oranges by doing so replicated popln cycle

Term
Factors in Stability of Predator and Prey
Definition

Efficiency of Predator

Habitat heterogeneity (complexity)

Term
Differences in Predation and Parasitism
Definition

Symbiosis

Size of Organism

Mortality host/prey

Number Affected

Term

Ectoparasites

Definition
Live on outside surface of host (ex. ticks, mites, fleas)
Term
Endoparasites
Definition
Live within cell or internal tissues of host (ex. Bacteria, viruses, protists)
Term
Types of Transmission of Parasites
Definition

Direct Contact (ex. STDs)

Vector (ex. Lyme Disease)

Indirect (ex. Black Grub)

Term
Definitive Host
Definition

Parasite reaches adulthood and sexual maturity

Term
Intermediate hosts
Definition
Parasites use during non-reproductive phase
Term

Cryptic

Definition

Camo (cant see)

Term

Aposematic

Definition

Bright and noticable-Warning colors

Term
Batesian Mimicry
Definition

Organism mimics an Aposematic Organism. (One palatatable)

Term
Mullerian Mimicry
Definition
Organism mimics another species in order to trick predator. Makes the predator scared to try to harm it. (both unpalatable)
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