Term
|
Definition
| group of individual of same species that live in same area at same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of how and why number of individuals in a population changes over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals enter a population by moving from another population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals leave a population to join another population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of factors that determine size and structure of populations over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| average time between a mother's first offspring and her daughter's first offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| summarizes probability that an individual will survive and reproduce in any given time interval over course of its lifetime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proportion of offspring produced that survive, on average, to a particular age
number of females in age class/number of females that existed as offspring
lsubx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of same age that can be followed through time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| survivorship throughout life is high, most individuals approach species' maximum life span (humans) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs in species where individuals have about same probability of dying in each year of life (songbirds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pattern defined by extremely high death rates for seeds and seedlings but higher survival rates later in life (many plants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of female offspring produced by each female in a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
average number of female offspring produced by a female in age class x
total number of female offspring produced by females of a particular age/total number of females of that age class present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of individuals of a specific age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sum of lxmx over entire life span of a population
represents growth rate of a population per generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes how an individual allocates resources to growth, reproduction, and activities or structures that are a related to survival |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in number of individuals in population (deltaN) per unit time (deltat) |
|
|
Term
| per-capita rate of increase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intrinsic rate of increase |
|
Definition
rsubmax
deltaN/deltat = rsubmaxN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when r (per-capita growth rate) does not change over time
density independent
a few individuals found a new population in a new habitat
a population has been devastated by a storm or some other type of catastrophe then begins to recover, starting with a few individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of individuals per unit area
growth is often density dependent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
K
maximum number of individuals in a population that can be supported in a particular habitat over a sustained period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deltaN/deltat = rsubmaxN((K-N)/K) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interacting species, usually living within a defined area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when individuals use same resources, resulting in lower fitness for both (-/-) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another, increases consumer's fitness but decreases victim's fitness (+/-) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when two species interact in a way that confers benefits to both (+/+) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when one species benefits but other species is unaffected (-/0) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
species interactions can affect distribution and abundance of a particular species
species act as agents of natural selection when they interact
outcome of interactions among species is dynamic and conditional |
|
|
Term
| intraspecific competition |
|
Definition
competition that occurs between members of same species
intensifies as a population's density increases |
|
|
Term
| interspecific competition |
|
Definition
occurs when individuals from different species use same limiting resources
occurs when niches of two species overlap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| range of resources that species is able to use or range of conditions it can tolerate |
|
|
Term
| competitive exclusion principle |
|
Definition
| Gause- it is not possible for species with same niche to coexist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one species suffers a much greater fitness decline than another species does |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of interacting species experiences a roughly equal decrease in fitness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of resources or areas used or conditions tolerated in absence of competitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of resources or areas used or conditions tolerated when competition occurs |
|
|
