Shared Flashcard Set

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Ecology and Design
Final Exam
83
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
05/07/2007

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ways to control noxious weeds
Definition
Pull
Mow
Spray with hot water
Spray with soapy water
Cover (sterilizes)
Brurning
Goats
Herbicides
Term
Problems with Wildlife
Definition
Doesn't stay where you put it
Breed
Term
Types of organisms
Definition
Invasive species: takes over native plants. Ex: Russian Thistle, tumble weed
Introduced species: Beneficial. Ex: Corn, rice
Noxious species: Live stock won't/can't eat. Ex: Kochia
Adaptive species: Can live in wide variety of conditions (best for design). Ex: Miner's Candle, Milkweed
Natvie species: Occur naturally in area
Weed: Any plant anywherer you don't want it
Term
Brownfield
Definition
Piece of property someone knows or suspects has contaminants (Doesn't have to be industrial)
Term
Biophilia
Definition
Attraction to the living world
Term
Biophobia
Definition
Fear of the living world
Term
3 Considerations when designing nature for children
Definition
Exploration
Change
Wildlife
Term
Why plant natives?
Definition
Conserve water
Survive without much maintenance
Give "sense of place"
Not invasive
Required by law sometimes
Provide food and shelter for wildlife
Increase biodiversity
Term
Challenges to growing native plants
Definition
Lack availability
Don't thrive under traditional gardening practices
Not appreciated
Lack of knowledgeable people
Term
Increase in nature:
Definition
Higher short-term and mid-term memory abilities
Less ADD+ADHD
Drop in bad behavior in school
Kids played outside
Term
Water laws
Definition
1. First in time, first in right
2. Use it or lose it
3. Private property
Term
Resource Strategy
Definition
Conserve --> Reuse --> Supply
Term
New supply of water: How?
Definition
Enlarge Gross Reservoir
Build new reservoir
Increase useage of reusable water
Agricultural water
Some combination
Term
Problem with treating wastewater
Definition
Too many nutrients and too much salinity for watering trees
Term
Communities
Definition
Populations interacting withing an ecosystem
Term
Life Zones
Definition
Subalpine
Upper Montane
Lower Montane
Grassland
Streamside
Term
Scale (as hierarchy)
Definition
Ecosystem
Landscape
Region
Biosphere
Term
Coriolis effect
Definition
Clockwise northern hemisphere
Counterclockwise southern hemishpere
Term
Artic tundra
Definition
Cold year-round temps
Permafrost
Low light
Term
Alpine Tundra
Definition
No permafrost
Greater sunlight
Dry conditions
Soil very thin
Term
South-facing slope
Definition
Warmer, dryer
Term
North-facing slope
Definition
Cooler, moister
Term
Carrying capacity
Definition
What can environment actually support without degrading
Point that birth rates balance death rates
Term
Disturbance types
Definition
Abiotic: Stomrs, flooding, volcanoes
Biotic: Insects, pathogens
Combination: Fire, pollution
Term
Riparian Habitat
Definition
Typically vegetated are along waterways
Term
Trees provide:
Definition
Shade to cool
Habitat
Absorb water and material including contaminants
Visually pleasing
Term
Factors influencing erosion
Definition
Vegetation (cover density)
Soil type (texture)
Slope size (Steepness and length)
Frequency and intensity of rainfall (Rainfall erosion indices)
Term
Desertification
Definition
Loss of productive land due to drought and human activities
Term
Causes of desertification
Definition
Poor agricultural practices
Poor government management
Drought conditions
Highly variable nature of climate and environmental conditions on semi-arid environments
Term
Soil components
Definition
Clay
Silt
Sand
Humus-organic
+Loam = equal parts of above four
Term
Soil horizons
Definition
O Horizon: Organic layer
A Horizon: Humus and mineral - Topsoil/primary root layer
B Horizon: Sub-soil - Deep roots, mostly mineral soil
C Horizon: Parent Material
Bedrock
Term
Warm front
Definition
Warm air collides with cool air and rises. As it rises, it cools and clouds then rain can form.
Term
Cold front
Definition
Pushes under the existing
warm air and can cause thunderheads
Term
Properties of Populations
Definition
• Age structure
• Density (and dispersion): crude v. ecological
• Distribution (spatial / temporal)
• Reponses to competition and predation
Term
Flow velocity factors
Definition
Dimensions
Slope
Roughness
Term
State improvement plans (SIPs)
Definition
Stationary sources (siting and permitting emissions)
Mobile sources (Maintenance and inspection programs)
Term
Ground level ozone
Definition
Hot, sunny weather pollutant
Term
6 Criteria Pollutants
Definition
-Ozone
-Carbon Monoxide
-Particulate matter
-Sulfer dioxide
-Nitrogen dioxide
-Lead
Term
Water quality parameters
Definition
pH
Temp
Turbidity
Dissolved Oxygen
Biological Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Fecal Coliform
Term
Transportation related air pollutants
Definition
Photochemical smog (NOx+VOCs=Ozone)
Particulate matter (2.5 + 10)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Global warming (CO2)
Term
What raises water temp?
Definition
Turbidity
Pollution
Cutting trees along riverbanks
Vegetation in summer
Term
Temperature controls:
Definition
Rates of growth and photosynthesis
Dissolved oxygen levels
Term
Factors affecting runoffs
Definition
Slope of land
Type of soil
Vegetative cover
Impervious cover
Term
PM10 Boulder plan
Definition
Remove gas program
Street sweeping
Woodburning program
Stationary source limits
Term
Sources of air pollution
Definition
Natural sources
Mobile sources
Stationary sources
Indoor air sources
Term
Types of air pollution
Definition
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Particulate matter (PM-10)
Ground level ozone (O3) produced from NOx+VOCs (Summer time smog)
Toxic chemicals
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Term
Nitrogen
Definition
Most common element in world
Found in all living organisms
Acts as nutrient in water system = excessive plant growth
Source: Fertilizer, animal waste, faulty septic system
Term
Fecal Coliform
Definition
Bacteria found in gut of warm-blooded animals
Higher counts = raw sewage present
E. Coli
Source: Untreated sewage, poorly maintained septics, pet waste, wild animals, livestock
Term
Effects of Turbidity
Definition
Blocks sunshine and reduces productivity
Interferes with animal repiration and reproduction
Term
Source of turbidity
Definition
Erosion
Algal Blooms
Term
Dissolved oxygen
Definition
Added through water movement
Clean water has higher DO
Low temp holds higher DO
Term
Recharge of aquifers depends on:
Definition
Texture and composition of soil
Underlying strata of soil
Septh of water table
Amount of vegetation cover
Impervious layer
Term
3 Ways of discharge
Definition
Pumping
Springs
Artesian wells
Term
Factors affecting watershed water supply
Definition
Location
Size
Annual precipitation
Variations of microclimates
Term
Total phosphorus
Definition
Naturally occuring mineral in plants and animals
Used as plant nutrition/supplement
Excess = Plant (esp. Algae) go up. When they die, it kills all fish and insects
Source: Poorly treated sewage, industrial waste, fertilizers
Term
Lose DO:
Definition
Warming
Pollution
Waste products
=High levels of decomposers
Term
4 sources of streamflow
Definition
Channel precipitation
Ground water
Inter flow
Over flow
Term
Sources of PM-2.5
Definition
Motor vehicles
Power plants
Wood burning
Term
Red tides
Definition
Harmful Algal Blooms
Term
Indoor air concerns
Definition
Radon
Bldg materials
Pesticides
Term
Transportation related design sollutions
Definition
Reduce auto travel, mixed use, lot size, density
Interconnected pedestrian and bicycle paths
Urban boundaries
Parking controls
Term
Landscape design sollutions
Definition
Ped and Bike paths
Parks, open space, and rec. facilities to encourage non-auto travel
Term
Turbidity
Definition
Clarity of water due to floating particles in water collumn
Term
Point source
Definition
Sewage treatment plants and industrial plants
Term
Non-point source
Definition
Runoff of fertilizer
Animal waste
Term
Dead Zone
Definition
Oxygen depleted areas
From excess nutrients dying and decomposers using oxygen
Term
High BOD =
Definition
High decomposer activity (direct measure of health of stream)
Term
Where on pH scale do most organisms occur?
Definition
9.6-4.5
Term
Gray water
Definition
Already used in washing, sinks, etc.
Term
2 nutrients kill ocean:
Definition
Phosphorus and nitrates
Term
PM-10
Definition
70% street sand, soil, road dust
15% woodburning emissions
6-7% non-identified
The rest: Amonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, modile source tailpipe emissions
Term
Environmental Problems in China
Definition
Water
Land
Desertification
Urban Environment
Term
Building design sollutions
Definition
Transit and pedestian oriented
Mixed use
Minimize Parking
Term
Indoor air sollutions
Definition
Ventilation
Radon system
Low emissions building materials
Education in schools and homes
EPA tools for schools
Term
Current challenges in China
Definition
Lack of public participation
Limited enforcement
Conflicts of interest of regulatory agencies
Term
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Definition
The amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms decomposing organic matter
Term
Indoor air pollutant sources
Definition
Building materials and furnishings
Maintenance products
Office equipment
Microbiological contamination
Outdoor air pollution
Soil gases (radon)
Occupants
Term
Radon 222
Definition
Odorless, colorless gas produced from breakdown of uranium 238 in soil and rocks
Term
Oligotrophic Lake
Definition
Little shore vegetation
Steeply sloping shorelines
Sparce fish population (profundal zone)
Narrow littoral zone
Low nutrients and plankton
Term
Eutrophic lake
Definition
Much shore vegetation
Gently sloping shorelines
Dense fish population (Limnetic zone)
High concentration of nutrients and plankton
Wide littoral zone
Term
Eutrophic lake
Definition
Much shore vegetation
Gently sloping shorelines
Dense fish population (Limnetic zone)
High concentration of nutrients and plankton
Wide littoral zone
Term
Watershed
Definition
Area where water from rain concentrates
Term
Indoor air quality (definition)
Definition
Temperature, humidity, ventilation and chemical or biological contaminants of the air inside a building
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