Term
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Definition
| geographic ranges decrease in size from the poles to the equator |
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Term
| 3 reasons backing Raports Rule |
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Definition
- product of glaciation- after glaciers left, species with a wide geographic range were able to survive
- fewer species = less competition (untested)
- northern climate more variable. only species that can tolerate it survive
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Term
| relationship between range size and species abundance? |
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Definition
| species with large range sizes tend to be more abundant |
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Term
| waht factors limit range of species |
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Definition
- Dispersal - area inaccessible/ insufficient time
- other Species - predation, parasitism, disease, comp.
- chem and phys. - temp, light, pH, water, precip, soil nutrients
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Term
| Shelford's law of Tolerance |
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Definition
| distr. of a species is determined by the environmental factor in which the species has the most narrow tolerance for |
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Term
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Definition
| reflectivity of a surface |
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Term
| What varies the amount of solar energy different spots on earth recieve? |
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Definition
the angle the sun hits the earth.
lower angle = greater area = less intensity |
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Term
| as altitude increases air density ..... |
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Definition
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Term
hadley cells are driven by ...
hadley cell mechanism? |
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Definition
uneven heating
warm moist air rises, precipitation falls, cool dry air descends to the left or right and absorbs moisture. warm moist air then rises again |
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Term
what composes atmospheric circulation?
what does it create? |
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Definition
2 hadley and 4 ferrel
create deserts at 30 deg.
rainforests at equator
temperate forests at 50 - 60 deg. |
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Term
coriolis effect driven by...
Northern Hem waters rotate? southern? |
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Definition
rotation of the earth
clockwise
counter clockwise |
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Term
| what causes tropical rainy and dry seasons? |
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Definition
| shifting of hadley cells becuase of the tilt of the earth |
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Term
interactions between ocean and atmosphere
normal conditions (non el nino) |
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Definition
| SE trade winds blows warm water to western pacific, warm moist air rises producing rainfall, cool dry air travels over and down to eastern pacific where it absorbs moisture. cooler deeper water surfaces on eastern pacific |
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Term
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Definition
| trade winds slacken reducing push of warm moist air, cool deep water reduces upwelling in eastern pacific, warm air rises in mid pacific causing rainfall |
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Term
| 3 layers of aquatic environment |
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Definition
epilimnion - low density warm water
thermocline - transition
hypolimnion - high density cold water |
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Term
as water increases temp it....
colder water is better for holding... |
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Definition
dissolves more minerals
dissolved gases (oxygen) |
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Term
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Definition
o - organic litter
A - topsoil
E - leached of nutrients
B - Subsoil- nutrient rich
C - weathered parent material
R - unaltered parent material |
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Term
soil formation begins with?
How is it done? |
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Definition
weathering and breaking down of rocks
removal/addition of atoms to or from weathered parent material
non-chemical crumble of parent material |
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Term
| ....influences amount of rainfall that soaks into the soil |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 primary soil components? |
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Definition
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Term
| which holds the most water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Available water capacity = |
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Definition
| Field capacity - wilting point |
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Term
| cation exchange capacity = ? |
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Definition
amount of charge soil can hold
Al> H> Ca> Mg> K |
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Term
| 5 types of soil formation |
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Definition
- laterization
- Calcification
- Salinization
- Podolization
- Gleization
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Term
laterization
calcification |
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Definition
-hot, rainy tropics. rapid weathering, heavy leaching of cations(acidic). Fe and Al left behind
- evap exceeds precipitation. upward movemnt of alkaline salts, downward mvmt of salts. buildup in B horizon |
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Term
Salinization
Podzolization
Gleization |
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Definition
-like calcification but drier. salt deposits
- cool moist climate with coniferous vegetation. acidic, removal of cations Al and Fe from A horizon
-High rainfall/poor drainage.slow organic decomposition. acids react with irons in soil |
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Term
genetic drift
founder effect (bottleneck) |
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Definition
change in allele frequencies due to random varitation in fecundicity and mortality
- Amish -small population passes on rare traits |
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Term
| most important part of an organisms fitness? |
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Definition
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Term
| phenotypic plasticity is? can be? |
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Definition
ability to respond to environmental variation
physical behavioral or developmental |
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Term
barriers to gene exchange
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Definition
-male rituals/displays, pheremones
-non-compatible genitalia
- timing of reproduction
-habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| increase of algae density allowing less light transmittance |
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Term
RuBP CO2 relationship High CO2 low O2
High O2 low CO2
Net Photosynthesis = |
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Definition
CO2 +5RuBP ->2G3P
2G3P--> CO2 + RuBP
photosynthesis -respiration |
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Term
| thicker leaf (sun vs shade leaf)? |
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Definition
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Term
| effect of boundry layer on temp maintenance of plants |
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Definition
-still water or air produces a larger boundry layer which allows the plant to insulate better reducing transfer of heat
-flowing water or a strong breeze shrinks the boundry layer causes less insulation and increasing transfer of heat or materials |
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Term
| leaf size effect on boundry layer? |
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Definition
large leaf = more SA creating bigger boundry layer
deeply lobed leaf = more disruption creating a smaller boundry layer |
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Term
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Definition
| not being physiologically active during drought times |
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Term
| drought tolerance methods?6 |
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Definition
- waxy cuticle
-upright leaf
hairy leaves
- deep or dual roots
- organs for water storage
- modify photosyn path (C4, CAM) |
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Term
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Definition
both try to minimize photorespiration
CAM opens stomota during the night.
C4 compartmentalizes photosynthesis concentrating CO2 in bundle sheath cells making plant less sensitive to photorespiration |
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