Term
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Definition
includes sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, sea lilies, sea daisies
deuterostome development
bilateral larvae, radial adulthood, no cephalization
internal skeleton consists of plates of calcium carbonate connected to muscular tissues
water vascular system
tube feet
mutable connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| early cambrian or before cambrian |
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Term
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Definition
in echinoderms,
channels filled with seawater for locomotion, feeding and gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
a means of hydraulics and adhesives
water is pumped into the foot by contraction of the ampulla, the foot extends hydraulically and the foot sticks to the substrate
some species produce adhesive on base of tube that can stick and later be degraded |
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Term
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Definition
a seastar can pull the clam's shells apart slightly, evert its stomach between the shells and secrete digestive enzymes directly into the clam
stomach absorbs hydrolyzed products |
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Term
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Definition
some echinoderms can sever an arm to escape a predator
some can fission and regrow
some can regrow from one arm if it has part of the central disc |
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Term
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Definition
both invertebrate and vertebrate
all have 4 features at some point in life cycle:
dorsal, hollow nerve cord
notochord
pharyngeal slits or clefts
muscular, post-anal tail |
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Term
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Definition
elastic rod that flexes laterally; consists of a fibrous sheath surrounding an incompressible fluid core
permits whole-body swimming motions |
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Term
| pharyngeal slits or clefts |
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Definition
| slits or furrows in the pharynx (posterior to mouth) in invertebrate chordates that are used for suspension feeding, in fishes they are openings to the gills, in terrestrial vertebrates they are present only in embryos |
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Term
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Definition
goes past the anus
useful for swimming, especially with segmented musculature
independently controlled bunches of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
invertebrate chordates
now believed to be basal chordate group
larvae are planktonic and feeding
adults usually burrow |
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Term
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Definition
tunicates
invertebrate chordates
planktonic larvae, sessile adults
may be solitary or colonial
larvae do not feed, just disperse to settle in dark place
metamorphosis |
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Term
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Definition
involved in development of the head and other parts of the craniate body
embryonic cells found only in craniates
arise between ectoderm and neural tube
derive structures unique to craniates such as lower jaw, dentin of teeth, some neurons, meninges, schwann cells |
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Term
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Definition
feature of vertebrates
more flexible than notochord
consists of separate bones of blocks of cartilage
allows larger, more active swimmers
protects the nerve chord |
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Term
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Definition
elements have been known from fossil formations since the 1840s but only in the 1880s was an animal associated with them
from ~500-200 million years ago |
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Term
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Definition
not considered fish
have cartilaginous notochord
no vertebral column
have eyes, cranium, ears and nasal openings
eat dead or dying fish and whales, invertebrates and worms
secrete slime to evade predators and clog gills
skin is called eelskin |
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Term
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Definition
vertebrates with a vertebral column that is considered homologous to the vertebral column of other vertebrates
lack scales and paired fins
lack bone either as ancestral or as derived trait
suck blood from living hosts |
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Term
| Cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes) |
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Definition
gnathosomes - jawed vertebrates
most are predators, paired fins and jaws advantages for hunting
lack bones for lighter skeleton |
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Term
| how do sharks keep from sinking? |
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Definition
light skeleton
oily liver
movement and hydrofoil fins
if they stop swimming, they'll sink |
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Term
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Definition
the egg hatches outside the mother
the embryo is nourished by egg nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
the egg hatches inside the uterus
the embryo is nourished by egg nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| the embryo is nourished in the uterus by a placenta or by uterine secretions |
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Term
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Definition
ray-finned fishes
swim bladder allows the fish to adjust its density to achieve neutral buoyancy at a range of depths
evolved in freshwater, some moved back to the ocean |
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Term
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Definition
lobe-finned fishes
bony skeleton extends into the pectoral and pelvis fins
earliest were ~420 million years ago |
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