Term
| How does freshly precipitated collodial iron(III) hydroxide interact with divalent metal ions in solution? |
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Definition
| Freshly ppted colloidal iron(III) hydroxide effectively sorbs(complexes or chelates) divalent metal ions |
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Term
| What is the meaning of "zero point charge" as applied to colloids? is the surface of a colloidal particle totally without charged groups at ZPC? |
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Definition
| colloidal particles have equal numbers of + and - charges adsorbed to produce a net particle charge of zero. No there are still charged groups, the net sum of charges just equals zero. |
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Term
| What is a general solubility chemical equation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is intrinsic solubility? |
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Definition
| Small amount of neutral salt goes into the aqueous solution. |
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Term
| What is the general intrinsic solubility chemical reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general gas solubility chemical reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Henry's Law State? |
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Definition
| At constant temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid |
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Term
| Describe colloidal particles: |
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Definition
1 to 1x10^-3 um in diameter
Exhibit the Tyndall effect |
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Term
| Define the Tyndall Effect: |
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Definition
| The characteristic light scattering phenomenon of colloids that results from them being the same order of size as the wavelength of light. |
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Term
| Define hydrophillic colloids |
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Definition
| Single macromolecules with strong interactions with water (polar) |
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Term
| Define hydrophobic colloids |
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Definition
Interact to a lesser extent w/ water
Ex. Inorganic crystals, clay particles, and petroleum droplets |
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Term
| What are the three types of colloids? |
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Definition
1) Hydrophillic
2) Hydrophobic
3) Association |
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Term
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Definition
| At some intermediate pH, the sum of the surface charges equals zero |
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Term
| Under what condition(s) do hydrophobic colloids aggregate? |
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Definition
1) Increase the ionic strength of the solution
2) Increase the secondary layer to reach zero point charge |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses bridging compounds to chemically bind particles |
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Term
| Define Flocculating agents: |
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Definition
| (Bridged compounds) polymers with high formula weight containing ionizable functional groups. |
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Term
| Define association colloids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| aggregate clusters of mixed character molecules |
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Term
| Define critical micell concentration: |
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Definition
| occurs when the detergents aggregate to have hydrocarbon tails form a sphere w/ polar head outside to preclude the water on the inside. |
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Term
| Define cation exchange capacity (CEC): |
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Definition
| Measures the capacity of a solid to sorb (adsorb and/or absorb) cations |
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Term
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Definition
| Reacts with surface charge(rapid) |
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Term
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Definition
| Reacts with interior components of matrix (slow has to diffuse through a solid) |
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Term
| What does sorbtion vary with? |
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Definition
| Varies with given pH and ionic strength |
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Term
| Define exchangeable cation status |
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Definition
Amount of a specific ion bound to a given amount of sediment
Expressed as milliequivalents(of monvalent cations) per 100g of dry sediment |
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Term
| What is the units for cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cation status |
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Definition
| milliequivalents (of monvalent cation) per 100g of solid |
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Term
| What is the partial pressure of water at 100% humidity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for Henry's law? |
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Definition
[X(aq)] = K PX
where [X(aq)] is aqueous conc of gass
K is Henry's constant for a particular gas
PX is partial pressure of the gas |
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Term
| Write the Clausius-Clapeyron equation: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the layers associated with hydrophobic colloid? Example PbS(Excess)+NaCl |
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Definition
Solid: PbSPbSPbS
Double electric layer: Pb2+ <-Matched up with S of solid layer, Excess Pb2+ is counter ion Secondary layer: Cl- and OH-<-Match up with Pb2+
Secondary layer and counter ions make up Double electric layer |
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