Term
| What is P pulmonale? What does it indicate? |
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Definition
A too tall P wave:
Dog: >0.4mV
Cat: >0.2mV
Indicates right atrial enlargement or resp. dz. |
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Term
| What is P mitrale? What does it indicate? |
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Definition
A too wide P wave:
Dog: >0.04sec (+/- "M" shape)
Indicates left atrial enlargement. |
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Term
| What is a left ventricular enlargement pattern on ECG? |
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Definition
Tall R wave on Lead II (>2.5-3.0 mV in dog or >1.0 mV in cat)
Prolonged QRS (>0.05-0.065 sec in dog, >0.04 sec in cat)
Left axis shift |
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Term
| What is a right ventricular enlargement pattern? |
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Definition
Deep S wave in Lead II (>0.35mV)
S waves in I, II, III, aVF
Right axis shift
prolonged QRS |
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Term
| What is the MEA for dog? cat? |
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Definition
Dog: +40 to +100
Cat: 0 to +160 |
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Term
| What characterizes sinus arrythmia? |
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Definition
Normal P-QRS-T complex
Cyclic variation in R-R interval (>10% change)
HR slow to normal
Normal in horse, dog to vary with respiration |
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Term
| What does a wandering pacemaker look like? |
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Definition
| Variable P wave, all else normal. |
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Term
| Are supraventricular premature beats usually associated with compensatory or non-compensatory pause? |
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Definition
| Non-compensatory (SA node is "reset") |
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Term
| WHat are the 2 types of supraventricular tachycardia? |
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Definition
| Atrial and junctional (AV node) |
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Term
| Is QRS normal in atrial fib? |
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Definition
| Usually, yes, with some variation in R height. |
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Term
| What does atrial fib look like? |
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Definition
In dog, molar teeth in between QRS spikes!
In horse, P waves are taller/pointier. |
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Term
| What do ventricular premature depolarizations look like? |
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Definition
Wide and bizarre QRS.
Large T wave in opposite direction to QRS.
Compensatory pause (SA node not reset). |
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Term
| What is the definition of ventricular tachycardia? Sustained vent. tachycardia? |
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Definition
| A run of ≥3 premature ectopic beats originating from ventricle. Sustained >30sec. |
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Term
| What happens to CO in ventricular fib? |
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Definition
| Drops to zero. Chaotic, unorganized firing. |
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Term
| What characterizes junctional escape? |
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Definition
Originates from AV node.
Rate 60-100 bpm. |
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Term
| What characterizes ventricular escape? |
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Definition
Originates from Purkinje fibers.
Rate = 24-40 bpm. |
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Term
| What defines sinus arrest? |
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Definition
Failure of SA node to fire for a period >2 normal R-R intervals.
Can end with return to NSR, jxl or vent. escape pattern. |
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