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ECE 429 Topic 1 - Intro and performance
ECE 429 Topic 1 - Intro and performance
39
Computer Science
Undergraduate 4
05/05/2012

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Term
What is computer architecture?
Definition
science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computer that meet functional, performance, and cost requirements
Term
What are several goals for computer architecture?
Definition
1. functional
2. reliable
3. performance
4. low cost
5. low power/energy
Term
Why is it important to build a computer that fits the application domain?
Definition
Difference application domain might have different requirements
Term
What are advantage of hardware? what are disadvantage of hardware?
Definition
ADV: parallelism, faster
DIS: less flexible
Term
What is ISA?
Definition
instruction set architecture
Term
What is instruction level parallelism?
Definition
many operations performed simultaneously
Term
give an example of instruction level parallelism
Definition
instruction pipe lining
Term
what is data level parallelism?
Definition
distributing data across different computing nodes (computing in parallel)
Term
give an example of data level parallelism
Definition
GPU
Term
what is thread level parallelism
Definition
parallel computer codes
Term
give an example of thread level parallelism
Definition
java threads
Term
what is the difference of data level parallelism and thread level parallelism?
Definition
???
Term
What are two strategies RISC processors use?
Definition
instruction level parallelism and use of caches
Term
What are three important criteria in server?
Definition
1. availability
2. scalability
3. efficient throughput
Term
what are two criteria in warehouse scale computers?
Definition
1. price-performance
2. power
Term
What is task level parallelism?
Definition
execute tasks in parallel
Term
what's difference between thread level parallelism and task level parallelism?
Definition
???
Term
which parallelism can be applied to single instruction stream, single data stream?
Definition
instruction level parallelism
Term
give an example of single instruction stream, single data stream
Definition
Old CPU
Term
which parallelism can be applied to single instruction stream, multiple data stream?
Definition
data level parallelism
Term
give an example of single instruction stream, multiple data stream
Definition
GPU
Term
which parallelism can be applied to multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream?
Definition
task level parallelism, request level parallelism
Term
give an example of multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream
Definition
cloud computing
Term
give a equation to calculate dynamic energy for 0->1 or 1->0 transition
Definition
1/2 * c * v^2
Term
give a equation to calculate dynamic power
Definition
1/2 * c * v^2 * frequency switched
Term
give a equation to calculate frequency switched
Definition
activity factor * hz
Term
reducing in voltage will cause frequency switched to do what?
Definition
reducing the frequency, since it takes longer time for capacitors to charge and discharge now
Term
what is dynamic voltage-frequency scaling
Definition
reduce voltage when not using the computer
Term
what's the difference between latency and throughput?
Definition
latency: time
throughput: work/time
Term
what are two reasons MIPS sucks?
Definition
1. work per instruction is different (ADD might have 2 instructions but SUB might have 1 instructions)
2. ISAs are not the same(in intel, ADD might be 3 instructions but AMD, ADD might be 1 instructions)
Term
what is the equation for program run time?
Definition
second per program
Term
derive latency and through put from program run time equation
Definition
remove inst/prog from program run time equation -> becomes latency
Term
what is amdahl's law?
Definition
performance optimization is limited by fraction which cannot be optimized.
This means need to decrease fraction which cannot be optimized using principal of locality
Term
what is the most important technique used to improve performance?
Definition
parallel
Term
what is disadvantage of over-using pipelining?
Definition
1. frequency will be limited by registers
2. if too much stages, then too much overhead for branching(we use a lot of branching in our codes!)
Term
why increasing transistors will increase CPI?
Definition
increase transistors -> area increase -> more CPI
Term
How to measure dynamic instruction?
Definition
hardware event counters
Term
How does CPI break down work?
Definition
?????
Term
How to understand frequency switched?
Definition
# switch / second
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