Term
T/F: The ideas of Classical Liberalism would ordinarily suggest that prohibiting sale and purchase of kidneys
for transplant is probably an inefficient way of allocating kidneys to the people who need them. |
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Definition
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|
Term
T/F: The ideas of Classical Liberalism would ordinarily suggest that no intervention in the market for kidneys
could improve social welfare even if there was strong evidence of market failure. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F: The ideas of Classical Liberalism would ordinarily suggest that allowing trade in kidneys would increase
the consumer (recipient) surplus compared to the current legal arrangement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: The ideas of Classical Liberalism would ordinarily suggest that there would be a loss in producer (donor)
surplus if a free market in kidneys was allowed to operate in the U.S. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most economists believe that the current way of providing kidneys for transplant is inefficient because. . . |
|
Definition
| . . . there is an alternative way of distributing kidneys that increases the sum of producer and consumer surplus. |
|
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Term
| Currently in the United States the average annual number of kidney transplants is about. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Currently in the United States the average annual number of people who die while waiting for a kidney
transplant is about. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Currently in the United States the average annual number of people on the waiting list for a kidney
transplant is about. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F: The current law in the United States says that it is illegal to buy and sell kidneys for transplant, though it
is legal to pay a kidney donor's expenses that person may incur in the process of donating an organ. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F: A popular opinion among some ethicists is that it is unethical to allow people to sell one of their kidneys
for transplant because people who might want to do so are predominantly poor, and therefore would be
exploited by the transaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A kidney recipient protocol is. . . |
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Definition
| . . . the list of criteria a potential recipient must meet to qualify for a transplant. |
|
|
Term
Most economists would agree that some regulation of a market for kidneys for transplant is needed
because. . . |
|
Definition
| . . .informed consent is ethically required for medical/surgical treatments. |
|
|
Term
T/F: People who think having a market in kidneys is unethical adopt the view that kidney sales will be done
almost entirely by poor people, and that therefore market system will exploit the poor. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F: People who think having a kidney market is unethical generally believe that individuals do not have the
right to control their body parts, even to the point of bearing significant risks. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F: Amy Friedman's article in Kidney International states that "Intensive public relations efforts, celebrity
endorsements, National Kidney Foundation efforts and State Drivers License advance permission have
not increased the number of deceased donor kidney transplants in the United States over the past
decade." |
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F: According to Amy Friedman, and others, there is currently a thriving international market in kidneys for
transplant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Francis L. Delmonico of the Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts General Hospital, argues against
having a market in kidneys by claiming that "There is indeed an international concern that the poor of
several countries are selling kidneys to affluent individuals who have the resources to make that
purchase. These sales are inherently coercive." Are these sales "inherently coercive" under the principles
of Classical Liberalism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: A. P. Monaco of the Harvard Medical School, and The Transplant Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, in Boston, Massachusetts, rejects Delmonico's argument about "exploitation" of the poor being a
good reason to prohibit some payments for kidney transplants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: The National Science Foundation is supporting a kidney exchange program that is trying to increase the
number of donated kidneys from live donors. It's the creation of Stephen J. Dubner and Steven Levitt,
authors of Freakonomics. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: The National Science Foundation program that is supporting a kidney exchange program that is trying to
increase the number of donated kidneys from live donors is the creation of Alvin Roth, a Harvard
economics professor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: The NSF kidney donor program described in the last question would set up a European-style organ
donation protocol under which people are implicitly assumed to agree to organ donations, rather than
having to get consent before organs are harvested. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: The NSF organ donor program would create a database of donors and their tissue types in the hope of
increasing the numbers of donors with recipients who are not blood relatives, and whom they may no
know. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: The price of oil didn't rise above $10 per barrel until 1979 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: The price of oil didn't rise above $20 a barrel until 2000 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Oil price increases in the 1980's caused a recession. Oil price increases after 2000 haven't had the same
contractionary effect on the U.S. economy. Economists believe this change is due to. . . |
|
Definition
| . . .the U.S. economy moving away from an industrial base to a service base. |
|
|
Term
T/F: In the U.S. economy, the use of petroleum-based energy for industrial, commercial, and residential use
was about the same in 2000 as it was in 1975. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Energy consumption per dollar of GDP has remained about constant from 1975 to 2000. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: "The federal government subsidizes the energy industry mostly in the form of direct subsidy payments." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: Economists are generally against so-called "cap-and-trade" pollution control systems because those
systems increase the costs of regulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Robert Frank's suggestion in his article "A Way to Cut Fuel Consumption that Everyone Likes: Except the
Politicians." is to impose an additional tax on gasoline sales of. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continuing on from the last question, Frank's plan would use the proceeds of the tax to. . . |
|
Definition
| . . . give them back to the consumers |
|
|
Term
| So-called "cap and trade" systems are designed to. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: So-called cap and trade systems have been used in the U.S. for sulfur dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Cap and trade systems are generally favored by economists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to David Leonhardt in the New York Times, the government subsidies for hybrid cars now
makes the Honda Civic hybrid cost less over 5 years of operation than a standard Honda Civic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tom Friedman, in his exchange of view with General Motors, takes GM to task for. . . |
|
Definition
| . . .in effect paying consumers to buy gas guzzling cars and trucks. |
|
|
Term
| About half of the electricity production in the U.S. comes from. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: "Wind power to generate electricity is basically without any adverse external effects, but is economical in
only a few areas of the country." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: Hydroelectric power generation is also basically without any serious harmful external effects, and could
increase its share of the total power produced. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Hydroelectric power, in most of its locations, has associated with it significant positive external effects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the U.S. the most common source of ethanol is. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: The production of ethanol is heavily subsidized by the federal government. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principal problem with nuclear power generation is. . . |
|
Definition
| . . .getting rid of spent fuel |
|
|
Term
Rank the total construction cost of the different kind of electricity generating plants.
A. Coal fired.
B. Nuclear fission.
C. Natural gas.
Most expensive.
Second most expensive.
Least expensive. |
|
Definition
Nuclear fission.:Most expensive., Coal fired.:Second most expensive., Natural
gas.:Least expensive. |
|
|
Term
According to the New York Times article "For Good or Ill, Boom in Ethanol Reshapes Economy of
Heartland," what fraction of U.S. farm land would have to be devoted to crops for ethanol production to
make up for the importation of oil from the Persian Gulf region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The subsidy paid to refiners and blenders of E85 gasloline/ethanol mix is about. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principal objection to using tidal power to generate electricity seems to be that. . . |
|
Definition
| . . . it may be harmful to fish. |
|
|
Term
| According to Krugman, the "godfather of sophisticated environmentalism" is. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Krugman, the right way to curb an activity is to. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to Krugman, putting a tax or effluent fee on a polluting activity, like creating carbon dioxide,
is more or less equivalent to cap and trade. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to Krugman, a carbon tax is basically immoral because it allows people and businesses to
pollute so long as they're willing to pay the price. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to Krugman, if government imposes a pollution tax then polluters know what price they will
have to pay, and government knows how much pollution will be generated. Uncertainty is minimized on
both sides of the market. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to Krugman, if government imposes a pollution cap (as part of a cap and trade system), then
it knows the amount of pollution, but polluters do not know what the price of emissions will be. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to Krugman, the Clean Air Act of 1990 introduced a cap and trade system to control sulfur
dioxide pollution from electric power plants, and the system was successful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: It is Krugman's view that direct action (e.g., imposing miles-per-gallon limits on autos) is superior in
this case to a tax on carbon emissions be (e.g., a tail pipe emissions fee) because the former minimizes
enforcement costs and lessens fraud. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: It is Krugman's view that global carbon emissions really require a market-based solution (a tax, or cap
and trade) to work well. That is to say that imposing limits will generally be ineffective. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methane emissions that contribute to global warming are an example of a/an. .. |
|
Definition
| . . . negative externality |
|
|
Term
T/F: "The dominant scientific opinion across the world is that global warming has occurred and is continuing
to occur." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: The dominant scientific view across the world is that global warming has been caused by human
economic activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: "The dominant scientific view across the world is that the global warming that has occurred in the last
100 to 150 years is due primarily to greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to recent climate zone maps of the United States, the climate in lower Michigan is now very
much like the climate 15 years ago in. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of greenhouse gases? |
|
Definition
Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide.
NOT sulfur dioxide. |
|
|
Term
T/F: "The IPCC report called "Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis" stated that the increases in
CO2 are due mostly to fossil fuel consumption and land use changes." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: "The "Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis" report from IPCC stated that if greenhouse
gases are stabilized soon, warming and sea level rise would stabilize within 15 years." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
At the time the IPCC report was issued in February 2007 which of the following took the position that the
U.S. was doing enough to limit the production of greenhouse gases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As of April 2007, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had the power to regulate greenhouse gas
emissions under the. . . |
|
Definition
| . . . Clean air act of 1970. |
|
|
Term
If carbon emissions are the cause of global warming, then most economists would prefer which of the
following to control emissions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If carbon emissions are the cause of global warming, then most economists would prefer which of the
following to control emissions? |
|
Definition
| Cap and trade carbon permits. |
|
|
Term
| Riding motorcycles without a helmet is an example of. . . |
|
Definition
| . . .market failure due to uncertainty and peoples' inability to assess risk accurately. |
|
|
Term
T/F: Because classical liberals see people as well-informed, rational, decision makers, they are generally
against regulating motorcycle riding by, say, requiring all riders to ride helmets. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: John Tierney's (conservative) view of motorcycle helmet law is that before anyone gets this license, he
ought to see a good analysis of the injury statistics and hear about the benefits of helmets. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: It's John Tierney's view that if Ben Roethlisberger had done a sober cost-benefit analysis, he might still
have gotten on a motorcycle, but at least his choice would have been rational according to liberal
paternalism. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: When contemplating the licensing of sun tan parlors, a classical liberal would generally favor licensing if
there were known risks of skin cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the New York Times the number of states that have passed laws restricting people under 18
from using sun tan parlors is. . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F: According to the American Medical Association and the American Academy of Dermatology tanning beds
in tanning parlors carry only a minor risk of harm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One of the letters to the editor of the New York Times about motorcycle riding suggested that Ben
Roethlisberger be made to . . . |
|
Definition
| . . .carry an organ donor card. |
|
|
Term
John Leland's article on motorcycle riding in the New York Times sees part of the problem of Ben
Roethlisberger's riding without a helmet as involving. . . |
|
Definition
| . . .externalities (Steeler fans may become worse off.) |
|
|
