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What are the names of the literary-historical period we’ve been investigating since the midterm? |
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Renaissance/Early Modern Period |
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Approximately what years does this period cover? |
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1485-1660 (Henry VII-Restoration( |
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Henry VII unites warring _ and _ families in 1485; ends _ |
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York/Lancaster/War of the Roses |
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Henry VIII (accedes ___): divorces Katherine of Aragon, starts Church of England in __ Children: Edward VI (__; Protestant) Mary I (_; Catholic) Elizabeth I (_; protestant) _: Elizabeth dies, succeeded by _ |
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1530, 1547,1553,1558, 1603, James I/Vi of Scotland |
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Which of our authors famously went blind? |
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What major religious event happens during this period? |
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Name two poets (since the midterm) who write explicitly religious poetry. |
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John Donne and John Milton |
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In what language are all of the texts since the midterm written? |
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Who are the two sonneteers who popularized the form in England? |
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What biblical story does Paradise Lost retell? |
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What genre is The Faerie Queene? |
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Name two country house poems. |
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Upon Appleton House(Marvell), Description of Cookham(Lanyer), To Penshurst(Ben Jonson) |
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Who wrote the sonnet sequence Cynthia? |
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Thomas Carew, Robert Herrick |
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Name two of our female writers (since the midterm) |
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Definition
Amelia Lanyer & Mary Wroth |
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What is the name for a four-line stanza in a sonnet? |
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In what verse form are most sonnets (and much of the other poetry we read) written? |
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Who translated some the psalms? |
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Who is mourned in Milton’s pastoral elegy? |
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Within this holy leisure we
Live innocently as you see.
these Walls restrain the World without,
But hedge our Liberty about.
These Bars inclose the wider Den
Of those wild Creatures, called Men.
The Cloyster outward shuts its Gates,
And, from us, locks on them the Grates. |
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Thou art not, ____, built to envious show, Of touch or marble; nor canst boast a row Of polished pillars, or a roof of gold; Thou hast no lantern, whereof tales are told, Or stair, or courts; but stand’st an ancient pile, And, these grudged at, art reverenced the while. Thou joy’st in better marks, of soil, of air, Of wood, of water; therein thou art fair. |
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Farewell (sweet ____) where I first obtained Grace from that grace where perfect grace remained; And where the muses gave their full consent, I should have power the virtuous to content; Where princely palace willed me to indite, The sacred story of the soul’s delight. Farewell (sweet place) where virtue then did rest, And all delights did harbor in her breast; |
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Within this sober Frame expect Work of no Forrain Architect; That unto Caves the Quarries drew, And Forrests did to Pastures hew; Who of his great Design in pain Did for a Model vault his Brain, Whose Columnes should so high be rais'd To arch the Brows that on them gaz'd. |
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Thy sheep, thy bullocks, kine, and calves do feed; The middle grounds thy mares and horses breed. Each bank doth yield thee conies; and the tops, Fertile of wood, Ashore and Sidney’s copse, To crown thy open table, doth provide The purpled pheasant with the speckled side; |
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And that sweet Lady sprung from Clifford’s race, Of noble Bedford’s blood, fair stem of grace, To honorable Dorset now espoused, In whose fair breast true virtue then was housed, Oh what delight did my weak spirits find In those pure parts of her well framèd mind. |
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Thou hast thy ponds, that pay thee tribute fish, Fat aged carps that run into thy net, And pikes, now weary their own kind to eat, As loath the second draught or cast to stay, Officiously at first themselves betray; |
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Yet once more, O ye Laurels, and once more
Ye Myrtles brown, with Ivy never-sear,
I com to pluck your Berries harsh and crude,
And with forc'd fingers rude,
Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. |
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Thus sang the uncouth Swain to th'Okes and rills, While the still morn went out with Sandals gray, He touch'd the tender stops of various Quills, With eager thought warbling his Dorick lay: And now the Sun had stretch'd out all the hills, 190 And now was dropt into the Western bay; At last he rose, and twitch'd his Mantle blew: To morrow to fresh Woods, and Pastures new. |
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Now let me come unto that stately tree, Wherein such goodly prospects you did see; That oak that did in height his fellows pass, As much as lofty trees, low growing grass, Much like a comely cedar straight and tall, Whose beauteous stature far exceeded all. How often did you visit this fair tree, Which seeming joyful in receiving thee, Would like a palm tree spread his arms abroad, Desirous that you there should make abode; |
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Whoso list to hunt, I know where is an hind, But as for me, hélas, I may no more. The vain travail hath wearied me so sore, I am of them that farthest cometh behind. |
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A gentle knight was pricking on the plaine |
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In manuscript, generally No such thing as copyright Books mostly bespoke, still very expensive Sold at St. Paul’s Books (and plays) must be approved and entered into the Stationer’s Register Begins to change in late C16 |
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“the flower of chivalry” Killed in battle at Zutphen with a thigh wound Appropriate “thy necessity is yet greater than mine”
Who? |
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Who wrote Arcadia and Defense of Poesy? What did the latter talk about? |
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Poet as prophet and creator - Sidney |
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Who is this: courtier under Henry VIII Accused of affair with Anne Boleyn |
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Self-consciously fashioned career as an author Republican Who? |
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_: defeat of Spanish Armada |
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___: Martin Luther’s 95 theses |
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Lyric Poetry, drama, sermon, prose tracts (utopia, praise of folly) |
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1590 (books 1-3) & 1596 (“complete”) Unfinished WHat? |
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What was the goal of the FQ? |
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Definition
to fashion a gentleman, as told to Raleigh |
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___ oft sees the very face of woPainted in my beclowded stormie face,But cannot skill to pitie my disgrace,Not though thereof the cause herself she know:Yet, hearing late a fable which did showOf louers neuer knowne, a grieuous case,Pitie thereof gate in her breast such place,That, from that sea deriu'd, teares spring did flow.Alas, if Fancie, drawne by imag'd thingsThough false, yet with free scope, more grace doth breedThan seruants wracke, where new doubts honour brings;Then thinke, my deare, that you in me do reedOf louers ruine some thrise-sad tragedie.I am not I: pitie the tale of me. |
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Who will in fairest booke of Nature know
How vertue may best lodg'd in Beautie be,
Let him but learne of Loue to reade in thee,
___, those faire lines which true goodnesse show.
There shall he find all vices ouerthrow,
Not by rude force, but sweetest soueraigntie
Of reason, from whose light those night-birds flie,
That inward sunne in thine eyes shineth so.
And, not content to be Perfections heire
Thy selfe, doest striue all minds that way to moue,
Who marke in thee what is in thee most faire:
So while thy beautie drawes the heart to loue,
As fast thy vertue bends that loue to good:
But, ah, Desire still cries, Giue me some food. |
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Term
I neuer dranke of Aganippe well,
Nor euer did in shade of Tempe sit,
And Muses scorne with vulgar brains to dwell;
Poore Layman I, for sacred rites vnfit.
Some doe I heare of Poets fury tell,
But, God wot, wot not what they meane by it;
And this I sweare by blackest brooke of hell,
I am no pick-purse of anothers wit.
How falles it then, that with so smooth an ease
My thoughts I speake; and what I speake doth flow
In verse, and that my verse best wits doth please?
Ghesse we the cause? What, is it this? Fie, no.
Or so? Much lesse. How then? Sure thus it is,
My lips are sweet, inspir'd with ___'s kisse. |
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Not marble, nor the gilded monumentsOf princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme;But you shall shine more bright in these contentsThan unswept stone, besmear'd with sluttish time.When wasteful war shall statues overturn,And broils root out the work of masonry,Nor Mars his sword, nor war's quick fire shall burnThe living record of your memory.'Gainst death, and all oblivious enmityShall you pace forth; your praise shall still find roomEven in the eyes of all posterityThat wear this world out to the ending doom. So, till the judgment that yourself arise, You live in this, and dwell in lovers’ eyes. |
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That time of year thou mayst in me behold
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou see'st the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west;
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.
In me thou see'st the glowing of such fire,
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
As the death-bed, whereon it must expire,
Consumed with that which it was nourish'd by.
This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong,
To love that well, which thou must leave ere long. |
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Term
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red, than her lips red:
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damasked, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound:
I grant I never saw a goddess go,
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:
And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare,
As any she belied with false compare. |
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The generall end therefore of all the booke is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline: which for that I conceived shoulde be most plausible and pleasing, being coloured with an historicall fiction, the which the most part of men delight to read, rather for variety of matter then for profite of the ensample, I chose the historye of King Arthure, as most fitte for the excellency of his person, being made famous by many mens former workes, and also furthest from the daunger of envy, and suspition of present time. |
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Definition
Spencer letter to Raleigh |
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In which I have followed all the antique poets historicall: first Homere, who in the persons of Agamemnon and Ulysses hath ensampled a good governour and a vertuous man, the one in his Ilias, the other in his Odysseis; then Virgil, whose like intention was to doe in the person of Æneas; after him Ariosto comprised them both in his Orlando; and lately Tasso dissevered them againe, and formed both parts in two persons, namely that part which they in philosophy call Ethice, or vertues of a private man, coloured in his Rinaldo; the other named Politice in his Godfredo. By ensample of which excellente poets, I labour to pourtraict in Arthure, before he was king, the image of a brave knight, perfected in the twelve private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised, the which is the purpose of these first twelve bookes […] |
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Term
Faerie Queene = ___ = ____ |
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Definition
Gloriana = Queene Elizabeth I |
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Term
Alexandrines in the FQ serve what functions? |
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Definition
Alexandrine: is frequently metaphorical or allegorical, provides meta-commentary |
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Term
FQ Frame narrative: ___ all set out on quests, aided at various points by Prince Arthur |
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Definition
Knights of the Faerie Queene, embodying different virtues (holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice, charity) |
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“Encyclopedia of Elizabethan obsessions” What is it? |
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Allegory / “dark conceit” which work? |
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Behind her farre away a Dwarfe[*] did lag, That lasie seemd in being ever last, Or wearied with bearing of her bag Of needments at his backe. Thus as they past, The day with cloudes was suddeine overcast, 50 And angry Jove an hideous storme of raine Did poure into his Lemans lap so fast, That everie wight to shrowd it did constrain, And this faire couple eke to shroud themselves were fain. |
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Definition
Book 1 of FQ ("Holinesse), false dream of Una |
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Term
Who is the Redcrosse Knight? |
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Definition
FQ; Christian knight/English chivalric knight Cross = St. George’s cross and Christian cross Journey to become the knight of holiness |
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Term
Who does Una represent? Who is her opposite |
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one = the one true church (i.e. the Church of England) Contrasted with Duessa, Roman Catholic Church |
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lamb of god; also lamb in imagery of St. George |
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medieval romance stock figure |
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truth that is veiled to non-believers |
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her lowliness/Christ’s lowliness |
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And after him the proud Duessa came High mounted on her many-headed beast; And every head with fyrie tongue did flame, And every head was crowned on his creast, And bloody mouthed with late cruell feast.[*] |
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Duessa Roman Catholic Church Deceitful Idolatry "whore of babylon" |
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Term
A lovely Ladie[*] rode him faire beside, Upon a lowly Asse more white then snow, Yet she much whiter, but the same did hide 30 Under a vele, that wimpled was full low, And over all a blacke stole she did throw, As one that inly mournd: so was she sad, And heavie sat upon her palfrey slow; Seemed in heart some hidden care she had, 35 And by her in a line a milke white lambe she lad. |
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Lucifera and the House of Pride
The Plot:_ In this and the following canto the adventures of the Redcross Knight are continued from Canto II. Guided by Duessa, he enters the House of Pride. There he sees Lucifera, the Queen of Pride, attended by her sinful court. Her six Counselors are described in detail, with an account of a pleasure trip taken by the Queen and her court. Sansjoy unexpectedly arrives and challenges the Knight to mortal combat for the shield of Sansfoy. That night Duessa holds a secret conference with the Saracen knight. |
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Term
description of book 1 of FQ? |
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Definition
Una is delivered from Sansloy by a band of Satyrs. She remains with them as their teacher. There a knight of the wild-wood, Sir Satyrane, discovers her, and by his assistance, Una succeeds in making her way out of the forest to the plain. On the way they meet Archimago, disguised as a pilgrim, and he deceives them and leads them to Sansloy. While Sir Satyrane and Sansloy are engaged in a bloody battle, Una flees. She is pursued by Archimago but makes her escape. |
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Term
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Definition
Topsy-turvy or carnival atmosphere Cross-dressing, disguise, and mistaken identity Melancholic tone and references to death underneath the mostly light-hearted tone Witty word-play, especially in the subplot Fast and hectic resolution of (most) loose ends in act 5 (though the fates of Malvolio and Antonio are not fully resolved) Songs throughout indicate the play’s melancholy subtext; original settings for many of the songs survive |
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Term
Religious poetry (author, author) Political poetry (author, author) |
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Definition
(Donne, Herbert) Marvell, Milton) |
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Term
Frequently in trouble for scandalous content of plays, criticizing James I who? |
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First to elect to publish his works, in 1616
who? |
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Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, Old Time is still a-flying; And this same flower that smiles today Tomorrow will be dying.
The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun, The higher he’s a-getting, The sooner will his race be run, And nearer he’s to setting.
That age is best which is the first, When youth and blood are warmer; But being spent, the worse, and worst Times still succeed the former.
Then be not coy, but use your time, And while ye may, go marry; For having lost but once your prime, You may forever tarry. |
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Definition
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time by Herrick
carpe diem theme |
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Term
Julia poems celebrate the “good life” |
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Say how, or when Shall we thy guests Meet at those lyric feasts Made at the Sun, The Dog, the Triple Tun? Where we such clusters had As made us nobly wild, not mad; And yet each verse of thine Outdid the meat, outdid the frolic wine.
My Ben Or come again, Or send to us Thy wit's great overplus; But teach us yet Wisely to husband it; Lest we that talent spend, And having once brought to an end That precious stock, the store Of such a wit the world should have no more. |
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I find no peace, and all my war is done. I fear and hope. I burn and freeze like ice. I fly above the wind, yet can I not arise; And nought I have, and all the world I season. That loseth nor locketh holdeth me in prison And holdeth me not—yet can I scape no wise— Nor letteth me live nor die at my device, And yet of death it giveth me occasion. Without eyen I see, and without tongue I plain. I desire to perish, and yet I ask health. I love another, and thus I hate myself. I feed me in sorrow and laugh in all my pain; Likewise displeaseth me both life and death, And my delight is causer of this strife. |
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WHAT 'vaileth truth, or by it to take pain ? To strive by steadfastness for to attain How to be just, and flee from doubleness ? Since all alike, where ruleth craftiness, Rewarded is both crafty, false, and plain. Soonest he speeds that most can lie and feign : True meaning heart is had in high disdain. Against deceit and cloaked doubleness, What 'vaileth truth, or perfect steadfastness ? Deceived is he by false and crafty train, That means no guile, and faithful doth remain Within the trap, without help or redress : But for to love, lo, such a stern mistress, Where cruelty dwells, alas, it were in vain. What 'vaileth truth |
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The Soote Season
The soote season, that bud and bloom forth brings, With green hath clad the hill and eke the vale; The nightingale with feathers new she sings; The turtle to her make hath told her tale. Summer is come, for every spray now springs, The hart hath hung his old head on the pale; The buck in brake his winter coat he flings; The fishes flete with new repaired scale; The adder all her slough away she slings; The swift swallow pursueth the flyes smale; The busy bee her honey now she mings, Winter is worn that was the flowers' bale. And thus I see among these pleasant things Each care decays, and yet my sorrow springs. |
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Love that doth reign and live within my thought And built his seat within my captive breast, Clad in arms wherein with me he fought, Oft in my face he doth his banner rest. But she that taught me love and suffer pain, My doubtful hope and eke my hot desire With shamefaced look to shadow and refrain, Her smiling grace converteth straight to ire. And coward Love, then, to the heart apace Taketh his flight, where he doth lurk and 'plain, His purpose lost, and dare not show his face. For my lord's guilt thus faultless bide I pain, Yet from my lord shall not my foot remove,-- Sweet is the death that taketh end by love. |
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Alas, so all things now do hold their peace! Heaven and earth disturbèd in no thing; The beasts, the air, the birds their song do cease, The nightès car the stars about doth bring; Calm is the sea; the waves work less and less: So am not I, whom love, alas! doth wring, Bringing before my face the great increase Of my desires, whereat I weep and sing, |
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Term
Wyatt resteth here, that quick could never rest; Whose heavenly gifts increased by disdain, And virtue sank the deeper in his breast; Such profit he of envy could obtain. |
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Term
TN: Name of wealthy bachelor/ette, servant, jokester, girl/twin, subplot couple and the dumb one, gay one left out at the end |
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Definition
Olivia, Orsino, Malvolio, Feste, Viola/Cesario, Maria/Sir Andrew, Sir Toby Blech, Antonio |
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Term
Of Man’s First Disobedience, and the Fruit Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste Brought Death into the World, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat, Sing Heav’nly Muse, that on the secret top Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire That Shepherd, who first taught the chosen Seed, In the Beginning how the Heav’ns and Earth Rose out of Chaos: Or if Sion Hill Delight thee more, and Siloa’s Brook that flow’d Fast by the Oracle of God; I thence Invoke thy aid to my advent’rous Song, That with no middle flight intends to soar Above th’ Aonian Mount, while it pursues Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhyme. |
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Definition
paradise Lost With these lines, Milton begins Paradise Lost and lays the groundwork for his project, presenting his purpose, subject, aspirations, and need for heavenly guidance. He states that his subject will be the disobedience of Adam and Eve, whose sin allows death and pain into the world. He invokes his muse, whom he identifies as the Holy Spirit. He asserts his hopes that his epic poem will surpass the other great epic poems written before, as he claims that his story is the most original and the most virtuous. He also asks his muse to fill his mind with divine knowledge so that he can share this knowledge with his readers. Finally, he hopes this knowledge and guidance from his muse will allow him to claim authority without committing any heresies, as he attempts to explain God’s reasoning and his overall plan for humankind. |
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. . . though both Not equal, as thir sex not equal seem’d; For contemplation hee and valor form’d, For softness shee and sweet attractive Grace, Hee for God only, shee for God in him: His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar’d Absolute rule; and Hyacinthine Locks Round from his parted forelock manly hung Clust’ring, but not beneath his shoulders broad: Shee as a veil down to the slender waist Her unadorned golden tresses wore Dishevell’d, but in wanton ringlets wav’d As the Vine curls her tendrils, which impli’d Subjection, but requir’d with gentle sway, And by her yielded, by him best receiv’d, Yielded with coy submission, modest pride, And sweet reluctant amorous delay. |
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Definition
paradise lost book 4
The narrator makes these observations in Book IV as Adam and Eve prepare for bed. The narrator compares Adam and Eve based on their appearance and general demeanor, reasoning from that in order to assess their spiritual value. The argument behind the description lies in their different roles: since Adam was created for God, and Eve was created for both God and Adam, Eve’s purpose makes her less spiritually pure and farther removed from God’s grace. She serves both God and Adam and submits to Adam out of love and duty to God. He notes that Adam seems to be more intelligent and spiritually pure than Eve. This assessment illustrates Milton’s belief that male and female genders and their roles are unequal. The Bible also speaks of these unequal roles, arguing that a wife should submit and serve her husband. These beliefs were common in Milton’s time, as many people believed they were sanctioned by the Bible. This apparent gender imbalance between Adam and Eve is continually portrayed throughout the rest of Paradise Lost. |
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Term
COME live with me and be my Love, And we will all the pleasures prove That hills and valleys, dale and field, And all the craggy mountains yield. |
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Definition
Passionate Shepherd to his love, Marlowe |
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Term
Luxurious man, to bring his vice in use, Did after him the world seduce, And from the fields the flowers and plants allure, Where nature was most plain and pure. He first enclosed within the gardens square A dead and standing pool of air, And a more luscious earth for them did knead, Which stupified them while it fed. The pink grew then as double as his mind; The nutriment did change the kind. With strange perfumes he did the roses taint, And flowers themselves were taught to paint. The tulip, white, did for complexion seek, And learned to interline its cheek: Its onion root they then so high did hold, That one was for a meadow sold. Another world was searched, through oceans new, To find the Marvel of Peru. And yet these rarities might be allowed To man, that sovereign thing and proud, Had he not dealt between the bark and tree, Forbidden mixtures there to see. No plant now knew the stock from which it came; He grafts upon the wild the tame: That th’ uncertain and adulterate fruit Might put the palate in dispute. His green seraglio has its eunuchs too, Lest any tyrant him outdo. And in the cherry he does nature vex, To procreate without a sex. ’Tis all enforced, the fountain and the grot, While the sweet fields do lie forgot: Where willing nature does to all dispense A wild and fragrant innocence: And fauns and fairies do the meadows till, More by their presence than their skill. Their statues, polished by some ancient hand, May to adorn the gardens stand: But howsoe’er the figures do excel, The gods themselves with us do dwell. |
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Definition
Marvell, Mower Against Gardens
The speaker in the poem is a Mower, who criticizes “Luxurious man” for seducing and perverting the power of Nature, which is otherwise plain and pure. Men divide up fields, and enclose a “dead and standing pool of air” within their gardens, which stifles the free growth of Nature. He replaces Nature's innate power with a “more luscious earth” that feeds the plants of the garden, such that man's “nutriment [does] change the kind.” |
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Term
Had we but world enough and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. We would sit down, and think which way To walk, and pass our long love’s day. Thou by the Indian Ganges’ side Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the flood, And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews. |
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Definition
Marvell, To His Coy Mistress |
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Term
poetry in the shape it's in |
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Definition
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Cruel and sudden, hast thou since Purpled thy nail, in blood of innocence? Wherein could this flea guilty be, Except in that drop which it sucked from thee? Yet thou triumph’st, and say'st that thou Find’st not thy self, nor me the weaker now; ’Tis true; then learn how false, fears be: Just so much honor, when thou yield’st to me, Will waste, as this flea’s death took life from thee. |
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When I consider how my light is spent, Ere half my days in this dark world and wide, And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide; “Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?” I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not need Either man’s work or His own gifts. Who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, And post o’er land and ocean without rest; They also serve who only stand and wait.” |
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Pamphilia to Amphilanthus |
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Can we not force from widow'd poetry, Now thou art dead (great Donne) one elegy To crown thy hearse? Why yet dare we not trust, |
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An Elegy upon the Death of the Dean of Paul's, Dr. John Donne BY THOMAS CAREW |
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When I a verse shall make, Know I have pray'd thee, For old religion's sake, Saint Ben to aid me.
Make the way smooth for me, When I, thy Herrick, Honouring thee, on my knee Offer my lyric.
Candles I'll give to thee, And a new altar, And thou, Saint Ben, shalt be Writ in my psalter. |
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His Prayer to Ben Jonson BY ROBERT HERRICK |
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Donne, the delight of Phoebus and each Muse Who, to thy one, all other brains refuse; Whose every work of thy most early wit Came forth example, and remains so yet; Longer a-knowing than most wits do live; And which no affection praise enough can give! To it, thy language, letters, arts, best life, Which might with half mankind maintain a strife. All which I meant to praise, and yet I would; But leave, because I cannot as I should! |
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To John Donne BY BEN JONSON |
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Pathetic fallacy: definition |
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The attribution of human qualities and emotions to inanimate objects or natural elements |
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