Term
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located in cellular respiration?
A. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
B. Mitochondrial inner membrane
C. Cytosol
D. Mitochondrial outer membrane
E. Mitochondrial matrix |
|
Definition
| B. Mitochondrial inner membrane |
|
|
Term
The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to....
A. Combine with carbon, forming CO2
B. Catalyze the reactions of glycolysis
C. Combine with the ethanol formed in alcoholic fermentation
D. Act as the final acceptor for electrons and H+;forming water
E. Bind to the ATP synthase, thereby activating ATP formation |
|
Definition
| D. Act as the final acceptor for electrons and H+; forming water |
|
|
Term
In electron transport, water is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of water come from?
A. Carbon Dioxide CO2
B. Glucose C6H12O6
C. Molecular Oxygen O2
D. Ethanol C2H5OH
E. Lactate C3H5O3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Energy provided by electron transport along the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location?
A. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
B. Cytosol/ cytoplasm
C. Mitochondrial matrix
D. Mitochondrial outer membrane
E. Inner thylakoid space |
|
Definition
| A. Mitochondrial intermembrane space |
|
|
Term
The DIRECT energy source that drives ATP synthesis during mitochondrial electron transport is...
A. The difference in H+ concentration on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
B. The final transfer of electrons to oxygen
C. The transfer of electron from NADH into the mitochondrial electron transport chain
D. The transport of electrons along the mitochondrial electron transport chain
E. The removal of electrons and H+ in the citric acid cycle |
|
Definition
| A. The difference in H+ concentration on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements describes NAD+?
A. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.
B. NAD+ is converted to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
C. NAD+ has more energy than NADH
D. NAD+ can transfer electrons into the mitochondrial electron transport chain
E. NAD+ accepts electrons from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. |
|
Definition
| B. NAD+ is converted to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle |
|
|
Term
In many animals, the color of brown fat tissue is due to the presence of many mitochondria. Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that dissipates the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following is the function of the brown fat tissue?
A. to increase the production of ATP
B. to regulate temperature by converting energy from NADH to heat
C. to allow the animals to cool themselves when it is hot
D. To increase the usable energy that can be gained from glucose
E. To limit the loss of energy as heat |
|
Definition
| B. To regulate temperature by converting energy from NADH to heat |
|
|
Term
Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely converted to carbon dioxide and water?
A. Glycolysis
B. Citric acid cycle
C. Alcoholic fermentation
D. Mitochondrial electron transport
E. Lactic acid fermentation |
|
Definition
| D. Mitochondrial electron transport |
|
|
Term
Where does Glycoysis take place?
A. Mitochondrial outer membrane
B. Mitochondrial inner membrane
C. Mitochondrial Matrix
D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
E. Cytosol/ Cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally in the absence of oxygen?
A. Mitochondrial electron transport
B. the citric acid cycle
C. Glycolysis
D. the complete conversion of all the energy of glucose to ATP
E. Transfer of electrons from NADH into the mitochondrial electron transport chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
A. CO2
B. FADH2
C. NADH
D. Oxygen
E. Water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.
A. NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space
B. NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix
C. NADH ... intermembrane space
D. NADH ... mitochondrial matrix
E. acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space |
|
Definition
| A. NADH and FADH2......intermembrane space |
|
|
Term
Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high-energy foods?
A. They have a lot of oxygen atoms from which electrons can be extracted.
B. They have a lot of C-H bonds that readily accept electrons and H+.
C. They have no nitrogen in their make-up.
D. They have a lot of C-H bonds from which electrons and H+ can be extracted.
E. They easily accept electron |
|
Definition
| D. They have a lot of C-H bonds from which electrons and H+ can be extracted. |
|
|
Term
Where does the CO2 that is released in cellular respiration come from?
A. It is formed when oxygen combines with the carbon atoms of glucose in the mitochondrial matrix.
B. It is formed when oxygen accepts the electrons from the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
C. From parts of the carbon chain of glucose after loss of electrons and H+.
D. It is formed by splitting of water in the presence of glucose.
E. It is released in glycolysis |
|
Definition
| C. From parts of the carbon chain of glucose after loss of electrons and H+ |
|
|
Term
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration participates DIRECTLY in what process?
A. The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
B. glycolysis
C. accepting electrons at the end of the mitochondrial electron transport chain
D. the citric acid cycle
E. transferring electrons from NADH into the mitochondrial electron transport chain |
|
Definition
| C. Accepting electrons at the end of the mitochondrial electron transport chain |
|
|
Term
The high energy of glucose is transferred to NAD+ by transferring
A. electrons and H+.
B. electrons and O2.
C. the carbon-hydrogen bond.
D. only energy, no actual matter.
E. ATP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most of the high energy of glucose, that can ultimately be converted to cellular energy in the form of ATP, resides in its...
A. carbon-carbon bonds.
B. carbon-hydrogen bonds.
C. carbon-oxygen bonds.
D. oxygen-hydrogen bonds.
E. oxygen-oxygen bonds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
A. thylakoid membranes
B. stroma of the chloroplast
C. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
D. chlorophyll molecule
E. outer membrane of the chloroplast |
|
Definition
| B. Stroma of the Chloroplast |
|
|
Term
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place?
A. thylakoid membranes
B. stroma of the chloroplast
C. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
D. inner mitochondrial membranes
E. outer membrane of the chloroplast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
he rate of O2 production by the light reactions varies with the intensity of light because light is required as the energy source for O2 formation. Thus, lower light levels generally mean a lower rate of O2 production.
In addition, lower light levels also affect the rate of CO2 uptake by the Calvin cycle. This is because the Calvin cycle needs the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. In this way, the Calvin cycle depends on the light reactions.
But is the inverse true as well? Do the light reactions depend on the Calvin cycle?
A. The rate of O2 production would decrease because the rate of G3P production by the Calvin cycle would decrease.
B. The rate of O2 production would remain the same because the light intensity did not change.
C. The rate of O2 production would remain the same because the light reactions are independent of the Calvin cycle.
D. The rate of O2 production would decrease because the rate of ADP and NADP+ production by the Calvin cycle would decrease. |
|
Definition
| D. The rate of O2 production would decrease because the rate of ADP and NADP+ production by the Calvin Cycle would decrease |
|
|
Term
Which one of the choices below finishes the following sentence in the most complete manner? The major dynamics of ecosystems include:
A) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers
B) the cycling of chemical nutrients between producers and consumers
C) the flow of energy to producers and the recycling of nutrients
D) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients |
|
Definition
| D. the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nurtients |
|
|
Term
Which of the following essentials is NOT made by plants?
A) food and fuels
B) fiber and building materials
C) essential minerals
D) amino and fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants
E) medicines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
As a result of photosynthesis, plants release ________ into the atmosphere.
A) nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide
C) ozone
D) minerals
E) oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and function of biological membranes? |
|
Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Regulate movement of substances in and out of cells or organelles, allow maintenance of stable internal environment within cells; separate inside space into specialized regions, organelles, for incompatible functions
STRUCTURE:
phospholipid bilayer
|
|
|
Term
| What is the fluid-mosaic of a membrane and experimental evidence for it? |
|
Definition
Membranes are typically fluid with consistency of salad oil (changes with temp), membranes are a mosaic of phospholipids and proteins
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE:
Freeze fracture membrane and observe protein bumps: discovered by Andrew Staehelin
|
|
|
Term
| What are the factors affecting membrane fluidity in various organisms? |
|
Definition
Saturated vs. Unsaturated phospholipids on membrane fluidity
(unsaturated in cold environments and saturated in hot environments) |
|
|
Term
What type of fatty acid would be more abundant in the membranes of plants, algae, and bacteria in cold environments?
A. Saturated
B. Unsaturated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of fatty acid would offer the greatest benefit for membranes of the plants, algae, and bacteria in the coldest habitats on earth?
A. Saturated
B. Mono unsaturated
C. Poly unsaturated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of fatty acid would be more abundant in the membrane phospholipids of plants, algae, and bacteria from hot environments?
A. saturated
B. Mono unsaturated
C. polyunsaturated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What changes occur in membranes of a plant in Colorado that grows throughout the hot summer season and overwinters during the cold winter?
A) The fatty acid composition will not change between seasons
B) The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids will be higher in the summer and then decrease in the winter
C) The proportion of saturated fatty acids will be higher in the summer and then decrease in the winter |
|
Definition
|
|
