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Eastern Religions
Terms pertaining to the Four Religions of India
59
Religious Studies
9th Grade
02/23/2012

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Term
The four religions that began in India are...
Definition
Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
Term
Hinduism: Smriti
Definition
A book of Hinduism containing stories and ancient histories.
Term
Hinduism: Brahmacharin
Definition
A stage of life in Hinduism from ages 12-24. The Student stage, where one learns the tenants of the religion.
Term
Hinduism: Grihastha
Definition
The Householder stage of life. From ages 24-48. The age when marriage and the raising of a family is expected.
Term
Hinduism: Vanaprastha
Definition
The Forestdweller stage of life. Ages 48-72. Retirement and the concentration on spiritual development.
Term
Hinduism: Sannyasi
Definition
The Remouncer stage of life. Age 72 onwards. The cutting of family ties and becoming a spiritual wanderer.
Term
Hinduism: Ashramas
Definition
The stages of life.
Term
Hinduism: Shutri
Definition
Meaning "heard." The oldest texts of the Hindu religion.
Term
Hinduism: Upanishads
Definition
A book of the Vedas containing metaphysical speculation.
Term
Hinduism: Agni
Definition
Agni is the Hindu god of fire. It is important to keep him happy because fire is a cleanser.
Term
Cremation
Definition
Cremation is common in all of the Indian religions. The belief in reincarnation means that there is no reason to preserve the body.
Term
Hinduism: Karma
Definition
Karma means action. Karmic Hinduism is a type of action yoga, as well as the name given to the collection of good and evil done by a person.
Term
Hinduism: Yoga
Definition
Yoga is something done within the different types of Hinduism. It is meant to unify the mind and body, as well as center the mind to the absolute of creation/the universe.
Term
Hinduism: Raja Yoga
Definition
Royal Yoga. Combines the techniques of all yogic forms. Unblocks body so Prana (life energy) can properly flow.
Term
Hinduism: Hatha Yoga
Definition
The yoga form most common in the West. Helps gain physical strength, with less concentration on meditation.
Term
Hinduism: Prana
Definition
Life energy. Flows in circles.
Term
Hinduism: Karmic Yoga
Definition
Action yoga. Focuses on righteous behavior and selflessness.
Term
Hinduism: Main tenants
Belief
Definition
Hindus believe in the Vedas, and that the words came from the Gods.
One supreme being above the rest--called Bhrama.
Karma, the law of cause and effect. We create our own destiny.
Term
Transmigration of the Soul
Definition
Hinduism: The spirit is reborn life after life, but the person is not the same.
Buddhism: The "essence" is reborn. Same person.
Term
Bhrama
Definition
All life. Highest power. Above all other gods, but lives within everyone.
Term
Moksha
Definition
Enlightenment in Hinduism
Term
Nirvana
Definition
Enlightenment/37 levels of Heaven in Buddhism
Term
Pureland Buddhism
Definition
The Pureland is a plane reached before Nirvana, where life is easy and comfortable. Largest school of Buddhism. Chanting and meditation focus.
Began 200BC in China.
Term
Zen Buddhism
Definition
Extreme meditation. Contemplation of rhetorical questions. Experience over study.
Began c.200BC in China and Japan.
Term
Tantric Buddhism
Definition
"Diamond Vehicle"--fit body=fit mind. Sexual experience leads to higher understanding. Master and disciple relationship very important.
Kama Sutras part of this.
Term
Tibtean Buddhism
Definition
Newest--15-16th century.
UNique to Tibet. Dalai Lama is head.
Concentration on impermanence if life.
Two schools--red hat vs. yellow hat.
Term
Sidhartha Gautama
Definition
Creator of Buddhism.
An Indian prince who saw death and pain and surmised that life is dukkha.
Term
Dukkha
Definition
Suffering. Buddhists belief this is life.
Term
Sangha
Definition
Part of the triple gem. The community of monks and nuns in Buddhism
Term
Triple Gem
Definition
I take refuge in the Buddha, (Teacher)
I take refuge in the dharma, (the historical Buddha)
I take refuge in the sangha. (The brotherhood of monks.
Term
Mahayana Buddhism
Definition
Northern school of Buddhism. Nepal, Tibet, Japan, Korea, and Chine. Greater vehicle--groups reach Nirvana together.
Term
Theravada Buddhism
Definition
Southern school. Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos.
Only monks reach Nirvana. Treasure the Triple Gem.
Term
6 Virtues of Buddhism
Definition
Wisdom, morality, meditation, generosity, energy, and patience.
Term
Eight-fold Path
Definition
Right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.
Term
Sila
Definition
Morality. Right speech, action and livelihood. Part of the 8-fold path
Term
Prajna
Definition
Wisdom. Right understanding and thought. Eight-fold path.
Term
Samadhi
Definition
Meditation. Right effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Eight fold path.
Term
Kali
Definition
"Dark" Female goddess. Fearsome protector of her children. Eight arms, each holding a weapon.
Term
Four Noble Truths
Definition
Life is suffering.
Suffering is caused by attachment.
There is no end to suffering.
To become detached you must perfect the eight-fold path.
Term
Samsara
Definition
Eternal cycle of life and death in Hinduism.
Term
Guru
Definition
A senior mentor.
Term
Vedas
Definition
Holy Books of Hinduism
Term
Sanskrit
Definition
Old language of India. Oldest vedas are in Sanskrit.
Term
Sacred Animals
Definition
All life is sacred in Hinduism, but they especially respect cows for giving them milk.
Term
Ahimsa
Definition
A policy of non-violence. Present in all four religions. Jainism is an extreme form.
Term
Bodhisattva
Definition
A person who shows the way to Nirvana.
Term
Four Sights of Buddha
Definition
Old man--age
Corpse--death
Dying person--Disease
Beggar--poverty
Term
Kanga
Definition
One of 5 Ks. A wooden cone worn by Sikhs on the head, covers hair.
Term
Gurdwara
Definition
A place of worship in Sikhism.
Term
Kara
Definition
5 K. Steal bracelet worn as a symbol of strength and agility.
Term
Kachha
Definition
5 K. Special undergarment that protects from chafing while on horseback. Also symbolizes chastity.
Term
Kirpan
Definition
Ceremonial sword. 5 K. A symbol that the wearer belongs to God's army.
Term
Kesh
Definition
Uncut hair, but kept very neat. Can't alter your body because god's creation is perfect.
Term
Bhakti Yoga
Definition
Various expressions of devotion. Food and songs offered to gods.
Term
Caste System
Definition
1. Brahmin. Priests.
2. Kshatriya. K-caste. Warriors and nobles. Leaders.
3. Vaishya. Merchants. Artisans.
4. Shudra. Peasants.
5. Dalit. Untouchables.
Term
Puja
Definition
A devotional ritual, generally done on an altar.
Term
Jiva/Ajiva
Definition
Jiva is living. Alive, or soul. Ajiva is nonliving matter.
Term
Zazen
Definition
Sitting Meditation.
Term
Jnana Yoga
Definition
Knowledge Yoga. INsight into divine nature. Priests and intellectuals.
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