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Confucianism
The founder of Confucianism who quotes the Analects.
Significant because he was the person who spread Confucianism. |
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• Confucianism
• 6th century China wasn’t unified and there was no morality or loyalty to the leader of the country.
• It was during this time that Confucianism came about because the people needed a change and Confucius was able to provide that change. |
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• Confucianism
• A collection of teachings done by Confucius. It is a translation of texts and sayings of Konzi. The first phrase deals with education.
• It is significant because it shows how once should act within the Confucian society. The first passage deals with education which shows how important education is to Confucian society. |
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• Confucianism
• A just and unifying society will be ordered by the titles of people within the society. When people change the way they behave according to their position in society then there will be harmony.
• In Confucianism social hierarchy is extremely important. It is thought that if the leaders of society can act in a respective and orderly way then the people will follow them and also act respectively. |
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Term
| Gentleman (prince, chun-tzu, junzi) |
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Definition
• Confucianism
• A aristocratic prince who’s role in objective is to become and education moral being. These people speak and act correctly and perfectly embody social status. They reiterate social position by how they speak.
• This is significant because they are moral so others look to them to learn how to be moral. They are created through education of the five classics which is very important to Confucian society. |
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• Confucianism
• A portion of the classic of rituals however it is taught separately. It explains that the humaneness of society begins with an individual and then radiates out eventually touching the whole society.
• This is significant because Confucian society believes that when a leader is moral (one person) that all he rules over will also be moral. |
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• Confucianism
• The person in charge must get that power from Heaven and the only people that can get that power are virtuous people. If a person loses that virtue that Heaven will promote someone else to that power and that person will overthrow the old leader.
• This is significant because in Confucianism one must be virtuous to succeed. Likewise if a ruler is no longer virtuous then his people can not be virtuous and will overthrow the thrown for someone who is more virtuous. |
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• Confucianism
• Book of History- tells of past kings and their virtues. Spring and Autumn Annels – talks about the time period before Confucianism. Book of Orders/Poetry- a moral being is considered to be one that knows poetry. They were memorized to learn how to speak and how to accurately show emotion or the lack of emotion. Book of Ritual – a book of guidelines that teach social etiquette as well as funeral rituals. Book of change – Yijing this is a divination manual that prophesies the future based on a series of pictures interpreted with hexagrams, a message from heaven by throwing coins.
• This is significant because in Confucian society one wants to be a perfect individual or Junzi and these classics are the way that a Junzi becomes a person individual. |
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Term
| Confucian Virtues (ren, yi, xiao, xin, zhi, li) |
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Definition
• Confucianism
• Ren – humaneness : exercise sympathy and compassion to those below you. Yi – rightness: in any moral dilemma there is a right thing to do, a good leader must find this right thing. Li – ritual: there are social etiquettes and formal rules that address what you wear, and how you act around others who are of a higher and lower class then you. There are ancestor venerations which is the practice of feeding ancestors at a party or marriage. Zhi – knowledge: gained through the education of Confucian classics. Xin – loyalty: trustworthiness and living up to ones word. Xiao – Phial piety : obedience and reverence to ones parents by showing gratitude, love.
• This is important because in Confucian society one wants to be a perfect person and these virtues show how to become a perfect person. |
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Definition
• Confucianism
• This is a set of texts that talk about children who showed ultimate filial piety to their parents by sacrificing themselves for the joy of the family. This can be seen in the story of Wu-Wan who stripped himself and offered his body to mosquitoes so that his parents would not be bitten as well as Tanza who dressed like a deer and was almost shot so that he could get deer milk for his family.
• This is important to Confucian society because one cannot be happy unless the family is happy. So the children’s happiness was subjective to the group happiness. It also shows the hierarchy of the family. |
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• Daoism
• The originator of Daoism.
• He believed that the corruption in society during the Warring States period was there because society was too rigid. Laozi believed that in order to be happy and to live one must be flexible. |
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| Daode jing (Tao Te Ching) |
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Definition
• Daoism
• The main scripture in Daoist tradition. It was written by Laozi during the warring states period. The title means “The Way Virtue Classic”. The scripture teaches about ho to find the way for power, vitality and long life. It is a collection of poetry written in paradoxes.
• This is important because it is the main scripture of the Dao and explains the different virtues of Daoist society. |
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• Daoism
• Within everything there is both yin (female) and yang (male). These two things are opposite but depend on each other. The Yang is rigid, bright, stiff, firm, and thrusting. The Yin is dark, wet, moist, and yielding. When they combine a myriad of creatures are produced.
• This is important because all of Daoism relies on the idea of a balance between things to find harmony. Daoism implies that one must both have male and female sides of them in order to be in harmony with the Dao which is in contrast to Confucianism which believes that people should only have yang. |
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| Manifest and Unmanifest Dao |
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Definition
• Daoism
• The Dao is both manifest and nonmanifest. It is manifest because it is the absolute reality and everything in the earth comes from the Dao. It is umanifest because the word “Dao” is not the Dao. The Dao cannot be explained. It is the ultimate reality but cannot be described.
• It is important because once man can completely harmonize with nature and the cosmos he is considered one with the Dao. One must be completely harmonized with nature because we both came from the Dao. |
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• Daoism
• This means to not intervene or impost your view on the world. It is seen through imagery of the hub. One must empty preconceptions about the world because that form of nothing allows you to do something. One must be able to change with the Dao. This is shown through the image of the uncarved block. A person acting under wu-wei is the opposite of a Junzi they are not of any use to anyone but because of that they can be exactly who they are.
• This is significant because in Daoism one must be flexible so that he or she can always be in harmony with the Dao. |
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• Daoism
• Mentioned in the Daode Jing as the hub of a wheel. The hub of a wheel is where all of the spokes come together but it remains empty so it has the ability to change.
• That which is fixed is dead, that which can change is alive. Change can only happy when one is empty this is a form of wu-wei. |
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• Daoism
• Refers to Yin, which is the opposite of yang. Yin is classified as being weak but it has its own strength.
• In Daoism one must have both yin and yang to achieve harmony and liberation. |
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| Uncarved Block/ Unhewn Log |
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Definition
• Daoism
• An uncarved block does not want to be a chair even if that is the most useful thing for it to be. It would rather be itself and not be useful then be useful but be used for someone else.
• This has to do with wu-wei and how the idea person in Daoism is the opposite of an ideal person in Confucianism. In Confucianism one must be useful to society whereas in Daoism one shouldn’t be useful to society because then one is no longer living. |
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Definition
• Daoism
• Refers to Yin, which is the opposite of yang. Yin is classified as being weak and submissive but it has its own strength as water can erode away rock like water- it takes the shape of its surroundings but it is still powerful.
• It is significant because in Daoism one needs to have both yin and yang in order to obtain harmony with nature and achieve liberation. |
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• Daoism
• The other text in Daoist society. Lived during the warring states period after Confucius and Laotzi. It has stories in it that relate to the idea of Daoism and how those who don’t want to believe in the Dao won’t be able to see it.
• This is important because it talks about Confucianism and how they will never understand the Dao because they are blind to it. |
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Term
| Peng Bird and Frog in the Well |
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Definition
• Daoism
• Peng- a giant bird that is so large that when it flies it creates tornados and hurricanes. A quail heard about this bird but didn’t believe in it. Frog – lived in a well its whole life and when someone offered to let it out so that it could see the world, the frog didn’t believe that there was anything outside if his own world.
• Dao is beyond the conception of Confucian practitioners. Little things with an inflexible view of the world will not be able to conceive the Dao. |
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| Usefulness and Uselessness |
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Definition
• Daoism
• When someone is useless then he can not be used by others and because of that he is truly himself, can find harmony with the Dao and become a holy man.
• This is significant because Confucianism is all about being useful to society and Daoism is the opposite, not being useful to society but being useful to yourself. |
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• Daoism
• Let the knife flow with the nature of the animal. He never forced it against nature and because of that he never had to sharpen the knife because he just let it happen. He went along with nature.
• This is a representation of wu-wei. The cook did not use action to filet the meat he used non-action and because of that the meat was always perfectly filleted and the knives never needed to be sharpened. |
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| Holy Man (on Gu-she mountain) |
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Definition
• Daoism
• This person has skin white as snow and lives on a mountain. He sucks the wind and drinks the dew. He does not eat the five grains because it is unnatural. He is separate from society and does not want to be controlled. He embodies yin and is shy like a little girl.
• This is important because the essence of Daoism is to be one with nature, to not be controlled and to balance yin and yang. This man does al of these by renouncing society and becoming one with nature. |
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• Daoism
• Vital Energy – everything is alive. Breathing in Qui keeps you alive one must intake it and manipulate it according to the season. In acupuncture needles are placed where there seems to be a blockage of Qi.
• This is significant because in Daoist culture it is important to be constantly flowing and flexible. Likewise to be in good health, one’s Qi must be continually flowing. |
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• Daoism
• A man who lives in nature is a product of the Dao, and is in the flow of Qi. One can harmonize the self my harmonizing ones self with the natural art of placement. Feng-shui is the art of placing yourself in relationship of the flow of Qu. Where an how you live influences your wellbeing.
• This is significant because to be one with the Dao one must first be one with nature, and you can achieve this by making the place you live have a good flow of qi. |
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| Tai-ji practice and martial arts |
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Definition
• Daoism
• Tai-ji: another word for Dao, harmonizing Qi flow by means of slow graceful movements of the body. It is best done in the morning and although the moves are choreographed they must look spontaneous (yin and yang). In martial arts once must balance their yin and yang in their motion styles to gain power.
• This shows that constant balance of yin and yang that is present in all of Daoist society. |
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• Daoism
• Acupuncture- small needles placed around the body to remove qi flow blockage. It cures illness by harmonizing the flow of Qi. Herbal Medicine – ingestion of substances from nature. If you have to much yang you will be given something with yin qualities. Ginger has yang qualities and given to people with yang deficiency.
• This is significant because it is al natural which relates back to the Daoist idea of becoming one with nature and it is also about returning the balance of yin and yang within the body. |
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• Daoism
• You must forget what it is you strive for or you won’t get it. This was said by Master Yin-Shu. The more you seek vitality in meditation the further you will be from it because instead of being flexible you will be fixed on one idea. This is an illustration of wu-wei.
• This is significant because in Daoism it is very important to practice wu-wei and not be focused on one this so that you can become harmonized with all things. |
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• Daoism
• Lines of chi flow within the body. The cross of flow shows where and acupuncturist needs to insert a needle in order to remove a block of chi from the body and reset harmony.
• This is crucial for Daoism because one must achieve harmony to become one with the Dao. |
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• Daoism
• The intake of Qi and its circulation to obtain immortality. The images of a true stove, the yellow woman, a fetus, and the copulation of yin and yang are used to help circulate Qi. To practice this one must have the aid of a master because there is a secret language that only the master knows.
• Relates to the constant flow and balancing act that is Daoism. |
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Definition
• Daoism
• Located in the pit of the stomach. Your chi must come together in perfect yin and yang harmony in order to make a baby inside of you, which is also you. This fetus is a new source of energy that will help you to live longer with the Dao.
• This is significant because is shows that one needs both yin and yang to become one with the Dao and live with nature. |
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Definition
• Daoism
• When you can copulate the yin and yang within yourself you give birth to a fetal version of yourself and is immortal. The Fetus is symbolic of a new source of energy- it is a new source of life. When this happens one will be a holy man.
• This shows that when there is a balance of Yin and Yang within yourself you will become one with the Dao and will be able to live forever. |
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Definition
• Zen
• Unique to East Asia, not found in India. Very popular in western practice. It emphasizes simplistic and minimalistic ways of life as. Awakening is nothing therefore you can not achieve or nor can you teach it. |
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• Zen
• All beings are already awakened we are living in a world of Nirvana and Samsara is only a misinterpretation. Because we are all already awakened, one shouldn’t seek awakening because you can never obtain something that you already have. The only way to see that we are already awakened is to remove delusion from your life. You can’t meditate because that means that you are focusing to get something you already have. You can’t teach it because then people will obsess over it which would cause more delusions.
• This is the foundation theory of Zen Buddhism. “A transmission outside the scriptures not dependent on words and letter to directly point at the mind to see ones true nature and to become a Buddha” |
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Term
| Flower Sermon and Maha-Kashyapa |
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Definition
• Zen
• When asked to explain the essence of awakening Buddha simply raised a flower. Everyone but Maha-kashyapa was confused.
• This was the first paradoxical gesture to lead someone to be enlightened and Maha-kashyapa was the first one to understand it. |
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• Zen
• He was an Indian Monk who was the first patriarch of Chinese Zen. He brought nothing with him on his journey to China, the Kind wanted to know how Karmic merit was obtained but he didn’t feel that anyone was worthy of that knowledge so we went into a cave and waited for a disciple. He wanted people to know that seeking awakening is a matter of life and death.
• He was the man that brought Zen Buddhism to China where it is very popular today. |
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Term
| Platform Scripture of the Sixth Patriarch |
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Definition
• Zen text
• Tells the story of how the 6th patriarch was chosen.
• Shows that even a layman can be awakened. |
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Term
| Hung-jen, Shen-hsiu, Hui-neng |
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Definition
• Zen
• Hung-jen was the 5th patriarch of and he was looking for a disciple. Shen-hsiu was favored to be the 6th disciple. He had been studying with Hung-jen for a long time. Then one day Hui-neng comes out of nowhere and says that he wants to be a disciple. There is a rap battle between the two, Shen-hsiu recites a verse that says that one must keep the mind clean from dust so that it functions properly. Hui-neng says that the mine is continually pure so there is no room for dust. Hui-neng becomes the 6th patriarch.
• Even though Shen-hsiu was trained to become the next patriarch he did not under |
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| Gradual verses sudden enlightenment |
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Definition
• Zen
• In the Zen tradition people do not meditate in hopes of becoming awakened because everyone is already awakened it is just a matter of realizing that you are awakened. Instead of meditating for long periods of time, Zen Buddhists believe in listening to paradoxes that make your brain explode and result is awakening.
• There is no reason for gradual meditation because everyone is already enlightened its just a matter of realization. This coincides with the philosophy of Zen Buddhism. |
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• Zen
• Paradoxical Statements, riddles beyond reason.
• These are used to make your head explode and instantaneously realize your awakening. |
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Definition
• Zen
• A Zen master who learned from Huang-Po. He studied for 3 years but didn’t get anywhere and was frustrated. He went to the master searching for answers but you can be awakened searching for awakening so the master slapped him. Eventually the man was awakened after he was slapped.
• This shows that people can not be awakened by searching for awakening because everyone already has the Buddha Nature. One must have instant realization and then they will be awakened. |
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Term
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Definition
• Pure Land
• Like the warring states period but in Japan. It created a context for Honan and Shinran to find and practice Pure Land Buddhism. This was a time of Mappo- where people have the Dharma but are to corrupt to practice it. Because of this one cannot become a Buddha on earth so at death if one says “Nembutsu” at death as an expression of Tariki then they can go to the Pure Land and become a Bodhisattva and then a Buddha. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• The most popular form in Japan. There is a celestial place called the “pure land”. This form uses the Mahayana Sutras so it is a type of Mahayana Buddhism. The dharma can be learned everywhere and there is a Buddha that can teach you to your level so it is the greatest way to travel the bodhisattva path. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• Monk Dharmakara vowed to created a paradise with his extra karma merit. This paradise because the pure land and he becomes the Amida Buddha who can teach anyone in the pure land to their level so that they can follow the bodhisattva path. |
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Definition
• Pure Land Buddhism.
• A Vow to create a pure land out of a massive amount of extra Karmic merit. The pure land is free of old age, sin and death. All people have to do is call out Nembutsu at their death and they will be sent to the Pure Land to practice Buddhism.
• This is important because is it the origin of this form of Buddhism. |
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| Western Paradise (Pure Land) |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• A place where everything is made out of jewels and is the best place to follow the Bodhisattva path. A Buddha is there that teaches everyone on their level so that they can progress as quickly as possible. The way to reach this place is at death, one must call out Namo Amida Butsu and know that he will save them. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• The monk that created pure land Buddhism by making a vow at his death that he would create a paradise with his extra Karma Merit. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• Reciting the name of the Buddha at death saying “namo Amida Butsu” if you do this in complete traiki you will be transferred to the Pure Land at death. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• This was a time of spiritual darkness where humans were so corrupt that even though the dharma was present, it was impossible to follow. The only hope to follow the Bodhisattva path is to call Nembutsu at death in order to leave samsara. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• This was a time of spiritual darkness where humans were so corrupt that even though the dharma was present, it was impossible to follow. The only hope to follow the Bodhisattva path is to call Nembutsu at death in order to leave samsara. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• Founder of Pure Land Buddhism. Told people about reciting Nembutsu and achieving the Pure Land |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• A Monk at an early age who practiced all different forms of Buddhism. He saw monks and nun’s being corrupt and not teaching the dharma correctly. He felt that he could obtain awakening on his own but then one day he saw an ankle of a women and he felt passion. He realized that the world he lived in was to corrupt to achieve enlightenment. In a state of hopelessness he heard Honan preaching about Pure Land Buddhism and he decided to become a layman, take a wife and started to preach. |
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Definition
• Pure Land
• Tariki- other power
• Jiriki – self power
• Shinran believed that in order to achieve pure land Buddhism one must say the Nembutsu completely in tariki and not in jiriki because one must realize that you have no power. |
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