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•Chinese dynasty that lasted 1046-256 BCE.
•Followed Shang dynasty. Longest lasting dynastyin Chinese history.
•Introduction of Iron.
•Philosophies of: Laozi, Mencious, & Confucious.
•Government influenced mainly by four schools: Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism
•Followed Mandate of Heaven of Shang dynasty |
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| Chinese philosopher of Spring and Autumn period 551-479BCE. A thinker that developed a set of principles for ethical living consisting of: family loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders. Used family structure as ideal for government structure, people to be ruled by virtue not by punishment. Teachings in Analects. Emphasized importance of study. |
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| Chinese philosopher 372-289BCE Confucian thinker, argued that rulers were obligated to tend to the welfare of commoners as not only moral duty but because it was the most practical way to successful ruler, believed in: inherent goodness, the power of destiny. |
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Chinese philosopher during Zhou dynasty 600 BCE
Considered founder of Daoism, advocated humility in leadership and lessened state power, non-action, author of Tao Te Ching. |
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| Laozi, Ancient China during Warring States period (475-221BCE) Focused on importance of following the Dao, the way. Emphasized the need to accept the world as it is rather than trying to change it through politics or government. Scorned rigid rituals and social hierarchies. Central concepts include: Tao “the way”, De “virtue & integrity”, Wu wei “without action”, Pu “simplicity”. Main text: Tao Te Ching (600 BCE) written by Laozi. system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi; teaches that the will of Heaven is best followed through inaction so that nature is allowed to take its course |
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Chinese statesman of State of Qin 390-338BCE.
legalist philosophy, reforms during Qin that led to a militarily powerful and strongly centralized kingdom, emphasis on loyalty to state over that of family, book of Lord Shang, believed people were inherently selfish and ignorant |
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| China “School of Law”, first adopted by Shang Ynag, developed further by Han Fei and Li Si during Warring States period. utilitarian and authoritarian political philosophy, used three principles to govern: Fa- law code must be clearly written and made public, Shu- special precautions must be taken to ensure there is no threat to ruler, Shi- it is the position of the ruler that holds the power. popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty, it proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can only be brought to the correct path by harsh laws |
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| claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe. chinese belief that heaven choose the rightful ruler, believed that heaven would send signs before withdrawing its mandate. An enduring feature of the Chinese imperial system was the special status of the emperor as both religious and political figure, a man who performed ritual functions as an intermediary between Heaven and the human world. The Mandate of Heaven postulates that heaven would bless the authority of a just ruler, but would be displeased with a despotic ruler and would withdraw its mandate, leading to the overthrow of that ruler. The Mandate of Heaven would then transfer to those who would rule best. Due in part to the Mandate of Heaven, Chinese emperors were considered 'god-like', as rulers sent from heaven. |
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| What/when was the warring state period? |
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| final centuries of the Zhou, period of constant warfare |
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| What type of new technologies were developed from the warring states period? |
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| bones on which priests scratched questions asked by rulers; then, heated rods are struck into the bones, and the cracks formed were interpreted as answers from the gods |
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| "ancestor worship" to gain favor of gods |
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| What was the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history? |
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| Zhou Dynasty (1045-256 BC) |
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| What little known dynasty was founded over four thousand years ago? |
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| Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 B.C.E.). Viewed as a mythical entity because there is little reliable evidence to show that it even existed. |
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| if the king failed to rule effectively and according to Dao, he could be overthrown and replaced by a new ruler |
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| When did the "Period of the Warring States" take place, and why? |
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| 403 BC. Zhou rulers declined both intellectually and morally, and the territories began to evolve into powerful states that challenged Zhou rule |
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| Five Constant Relationships (Also known as Confucius's Political Views) |
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| parent-child, husband-wife, older sibling-younger sibling, older friend-younger friend and ruler-subject. Confucius saw political relationships as familial relationships writ large, meaning, for example, that rulers should behave toward those they governed the way that fathers should behave toward their children. |
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| What was the major foreign threat to the Qin empire? |
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| Nomadic people known as the Xiognu, who had mastered the art of fighting on horseback. |
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| Rituals of state included the use of oracle bones, which contain writing that can be linked to the characters that were used in classical texts and then eventually became the building blocks of modern Chinese. |
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