Term
| A fracture, or break, in Earth’s lithosphere, along which blocks of rock move past each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| The force exerted when an object presses on, pulls on, or pushes against another object. |
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Definition
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Term
| A shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of large blocks of rock along a fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| A magnitude 5.0 earthquake struck this spot in Pennsylvania on September 25, 1998. |
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Definition
| Pymatuning Reservoir (southern end) |
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Term
| This is where most earthquakes occur. |
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Definition
| Faults along plate boundaries |
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Term
T or F
The blocks of rock that move during an earthquake are much smaller than the tectonic plates. |
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Definition
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Term
| 80% of all earthquakes occur in a belt along the edges of this ocean. |
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Definition
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Term
| Located in California, this fault is the best known in the United States. |
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Definition
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Term
| All earthquakes occur in this layer of the Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are the three main types of faults. |
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Definition
| normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults |
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Term
| Earthquakes along these faults are common near boundaries where plates are moving apart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Here, the block of rock above the fault plane moves up relative to the other block due to the stress that presses the rocks together. |
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Definition
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Term
| Here, blocks of rock move horizontally past each other. Crust is neither created nor destroyed. |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Earthquake energy travels outward in one direction. |
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Definition
| False. It travels outward in all directions. |
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Term
| Vibrations caused by earthquakes |
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Definition
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Term
| The point underground where rocks first begin to move during an earthquake. |
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Definition
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Term
| The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
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Definition
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Term
The shallower the focus, the stronger the earthquake.
T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| The fastest of the seismic waves, these are the first waves to reach any particular location after an earthquake occurs. |
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Definition
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Term
P waves will cause a building to push and then pull back.
T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| This is how fast P waves travel through the Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
| These waves, the second to reach a location after an earthquake, will cause a building to shake up and down or side to side. |
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Definition
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Term
| These waves are the most destructive of an earthquake. They cause the ground to roll. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are places where ground movements are measured. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the instrument that seismologists use to record ground movements. |
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Definition
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Term
Most damage and injuries from an earthquake are caused by the movement of the ground.
T or F |
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Definition
| False. Most are caused by building collapses and fires. |
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Term
T or F
An earthquake with an epicenter near a major city would be more devastating than one near a countryside. |
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Definition
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Term
| This scale measures earthquake magnitude by the rate of shaking of the ground. |
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Definition
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Term
| This scale measures earthquake intensity by the total amount of energy released. It is the more accurate of the two scales. |
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Definition
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Term
| A smaller earthquake that follows a more powerful earthquake in the same area is called this. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are two damaging products of earthquakes, along with aftershocks. |
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Definition
| landslides and liquefaction |
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Term
| This station, located in Hawaii, monitors the Pacific in order to warn people of tsunamis. |
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Definition
| The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center |
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Term
Scientists can predict the week that an earthquake will occur.
T or F |
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Definition
| False. The best they can do is give long term predictions. |
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Term
| What are three signs that an earthquake may soon strike? |
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Definition
Tilting of the ground
Stretching of rocks
Cracks forming in the ground |
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Term
| Describe two methods of "earthquake proofing buildings". |
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Definition
| Shear walls, moats, cross-braces, brace isolators |
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