Term
| What does seismicity mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does deformation mean? |
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Definition
| a change in shape or size of a body |
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Term
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Definition
| ex: bending a stick-the energy stored is elastic. it only is released when the stick breaks |
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Term
| What happens during an Earthquake? |
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Definition
I believe technology is over “bad” for the next generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fault is a break or fracture in a rock. |
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Term
| Why are earthquakes recurrent? |
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Definition
| faults sli in recurring steps, thus earthquakes reccure. |
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Term
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Definition
A seismic wave is vibrations from an earthquake. It:
-is travels in all directions
-can not be recorded in rock |
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Term
| How is elastically stored energy carried outward from the focus point? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are seismic waves recorded? |
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Definition
| They are recorded by seismographs. Any recording made is a seismogram. |
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Term
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Definition
-A type of seismic wave.
-Travels in all directions through the earth |
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Term
| What are two types of body waves and their function? |
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Definition
-Primary (P-wave): compresses material and is fastest
-Secondary (S-waves): shears material |
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Term
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Definition
-type of body wave
-Travels on the Earth's surface |
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Term
| To types of surface waves: |
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Definition
horizontal: shears material
vertical: compresses materical (causes the most damage to human structures) |
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Term
| What is the point where energy is first released from during an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The point on the earth's surface that lies vertically above the focus (where the earthquake occurs) |
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Term
| What do seismographs measure? |
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Definition
| The location of the epicenter, the depth of the focal and the magnitude of the earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Magnitude is the amount of energy released during an earthquake. |
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Term
| There are 3 different scales to measure the magnitude of earthquakes. They are? |
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Definition
-Richter magnitude scale
-the moment magnitude scale
-modified Mercalli intensity scale |
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Term
| What Earthquake had the largest measured magnituded of 9.5? |
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Definition
| The earthquake off the coast of Chile in 1960. |
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Term
| What are primary effects of earthquakes? |
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Definition
1-Ground Motion
2-Surface ruptures: open fissures(split roads) or falut scraps (small clifts) |
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Term
| What are secondary effects of earthquakes? |
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Definition
-Fires
-landslides
-liquefaction
-tsunamis |
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Term
| What is the sudden distrubance of water-saturated sediment and soild that can turn soild ground into a liquid-like mass of quicksand? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Seismic sea waves created by sudden movement of the seafloor. |
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Term
| What different things could cause a tsunami? |
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Definition
Underwater:
-volcano
-earthquake
-landslide |
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Term
| How do wind waves differ from tsunamis? |
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Definition
| Wind waves are generated on the surface while tsunamis are the displacements of water in the ocean. |
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Term
| Seismic waves can be relected and refracte. True or false? |
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Definition
| True; seismic waves can be reflected off different materials and can be refracted as it changes speeds through medians. |
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Term
| Where do earthquakes occur? |
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Definition
| At divergetn boundarys, continental collison boundarys, transform fault boundarys, and subduciton zones |
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Term
| Whats another name for divergent boundary? |
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Definition
| Spreading ridges because divergent boundaries are slowly splitting apart. |
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Term
| Shallow-weak earthquakes happen at: |
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Definition
| divergent boundaries or spreading ridges |
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Term
| shallow-strong earthquakes happen: |
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Definition
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Term
| strong earthquakes that can be shallow or deep happen: |
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Definition
| because of continental collisions |
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Term
| Most powerful earthquakes happen: |
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Definition
at subduction zones.
(can cause tsunamis) |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a vent from which a combination of melted rock, solid rock debris, and gas is erupted. |
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Term
| What is underlying every active volcano? |
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Definition
| A magma chamber-a resevoir of molten material. |
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Term
What is the difference between magma and lava?
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Definition
| Magma is molten rock while lava is molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface. |
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Term
| What affects the temperature of which rock is melted? |
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Definition
| Pressure and the presence of water. |
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Term
| As pressure increases, rock becomes _______ to melt. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does viscosity mean? |
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Definition
| It means the resistance of flow. Ex: the more viscosity, the harder it flows. |
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Term
| What is melting caused by a decrease of pressure? |
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Definition
| It is decompressive melting. |
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Term
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Definition
Also know as a fractional melt.
-when temperature increases enough for part of the materials in rock to melt and part to remain soild. |
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Term
| Lower-density magma causes? |
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Definition
| To exsert an upward push on the denser rock above it. Can lead to volcanic eruptions. |
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Term
| Non-explosive volcano have ______ magma and low-dissolved gas levels. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fragment of hot, shattered magama or any other fragment of rock ejected during an explosive volcao eruption |
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Term
| A deposit of unconsolidated (loose) pyroclasts are: |
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Definition
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Term
| The explosiveness of a volcano eruption is from ___ to ____ with reference to the Volcanic Explosivity Index. |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the hot, turbulent mixture of an eruption column? |
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Definition
| The mixture of hot gas and pryoclasts |
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Term
| Describe a pyroclastic flow. |
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Definition
| A hot, highly mobile mass of tephra that is denser than the atmosphere so it rushes down the side of the volcano. |
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Term
| Describe a lateral blast. |
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Definition
| Blows a mixture of pulverized rock, pyrocasts, and hot gases sideways from a volcano. |
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Term
| What are the different types of volcanos? |
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Definition
-shield volcano
-tephra cone volcano
-stratovolcano |
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Term
| lWhat is a shield volcano? |
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Definition
| A volcano with a built up of successie flows of very fluid lava. These are very long and act as sheets over land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a build up of debris around a volcano vent of a steep sided volcano. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a steep conical mountain that consists of layers of both lava and tephra. |
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Term
| What is the empty magma chamber after a an explosive eruption? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of eruption happens through a vent?
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Definition
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