Term
| Origin of the earthquake or area of fault rupture |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface location directly above focus |
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Definition
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Term
Theory that explains
1. how rocks respond to stress
2. How earthquakes occur |
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Definition
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Term
Way to image earth using P wave
What does it depend on |
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Definition
Seismic tomography
Temperature and type of rock |
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Term
| Process by which precise location of an earthquake is determined |
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Definition
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Term
Great earthquake magnitued
Which types of plate movements create these |
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Definition
8.0 or above
Transform, subduction |
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Term
| Record of seismic wave energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Subduction events with major tsunami |
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Definition
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Term
| Lack in seismic activity in an area along a fault or subduction zone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Body waves travel through earth's interior
Surface waves
Frequency (move at speed of sound)
Near earths crust
Slower
Larger amplitude
Cause most damage |
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Term
Primary body wave or compressional body wave
Properties (speed, what does it go through) |
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Definition
P. Waves
Fastest wave
Moves through all mediums |
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Term
Secondary wave or shear wave
Speed, propogation |
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Definition
Slower than P waves
Only propogates through solids |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of energy released during an earthquake |
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Term
Richter Scale
What does it measure
Scale
What does time delay between P and S waves indicate |
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Definition
measures largest amplitude
Ground shaking 10 times worse for each unit on scale, relases 32 times energy per unitM
Distance from epicenter |
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Term
Moment scale
More or less reliable than richter?
Measures__ ___ ___ |
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Definition
More reliable
Measures rupture area
Strength of rock
Displacement, slip or offset of fault |
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Term
| Measures intensity of groundshaking and effects of earthquakes on humans, structures, and land itself |
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Definition
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Term
Modified Mercalli scale
What do lower numbers mean |
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Definition
12 stage scale
Lower numbers less intense |
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Term
Liquefaction definition
Where does it occur |
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Definition
Strength and stiffness of soil reduced by earthquake shaking
Occurs in saturated unconsolidated soil |
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Term
| What type of land can have liquefaction |
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Definition
| Wet sand or soil, mostly near bodies of water and low sea levels |
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Term
| Why tsunami's in Pacific ocean |
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Definition
| Subduction along ring of fire and pacific plate |
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Term
| Why tsunami waves more desructive than wind waves? |
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Definition
Tsunami wave carries tons of energy that spreads over ocean floor and propogates to the bottom
Wind waves stay near surface |
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Term
Average height and wavelength in open ocean?
Speed of wave |
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Definition
Wavelength: 125 miles
Wave height: Measured in 10's of meters at coast
In open ocean 1 meter
Travel between 500 and 950 KM per hour |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most expansive nautral disaster |
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Definition
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