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| a mountain that forms in Earth's crust when molten material, or magma, reaches the surface |
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| a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle |
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| when magma reaches the surface of the Earth |
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| one major belt of volcanoes |
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| a curved line of volcanoes that form along convergent boundaries at deep ocean trenches |
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| an area where material from deep within Earth's mantle rises through the crust and melts to form magma |
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| a pocket of magma beneath the surface |
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| a long tube that extends from Earth's crust up through the top of the volcano, connecting the magma chamber to Earth's surface |
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| where molten rock and gas leave the volcano through an opening |
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| the spread of lava as it pours out of a vent |
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| a bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent |
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| a material found in magma that forms from the elements oxygen and silicon |
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| mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs that flow down the sides of the volcano when it erupts explosively |
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| a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future |
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| a sleeping volcano that scientists expect to awaken in the future and become active |
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| a dead volcano that is unlikely to ever erupt again |
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| the hole left when a volcano collapses |
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| materials that build up around the vent in a steep, cone-shaped hill |
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| tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash |
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| lava flows that build a wide, gently sloping mountain |
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| forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe and the surrounding rock later wears away |
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| a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers |
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| a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between rock layers |
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| a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust |
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