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Earth & Space Science Flash Cards
By: Anthony, Alec, and Rithvik
6th period 12/19/19 |
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The preferred metric units for use in science.
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4 Characteristics of Minerals
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| Naturally occurring, inorganic, fixed chemical composition, solid. |
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| Is the scientific theory that states life arose on Earth from non-living matter. |
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| Are organisms that thrive under highly acidic conditions. |
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| Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. |
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Branches of Earth Science
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| Geology, oceanography, meteorology, astronomy, environmental science. |
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Convection Currents
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| Circular currents in the mantle caused by the magma being heated by the core off the Earth. |
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| The steady supply of warm humid air combined with the strong upward movement of the updraft forms a billowing rapidly growing cumulus cloud. Inside the upper levels of the cloud ice crystals and super cooled water droplets begin to develop this stage in the life of a thunderstorm usually lasts 10-15 minutes |
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| A long, narrow deep depression in the ocean floor which typically runs parallel to a plate boundary and makes a subduction zone. |
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| Is the category name for organisms with the ability to thrive in extreme environments. |
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| Fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface. |
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Fractional Crystallization
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| Process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma. |
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| A geographical pole is either of the two points on a planet, moon, or other relatively large rotating body where the body's axis of rotation meets its surface. |
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| The mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust. |
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| They are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrated areas. |
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All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
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| Coarse-grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth's surface. |
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| A form of pictorial drawing in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection. |
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Lonely Planet Paradox
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The theory that Earth is the only planet in space to support complex life.
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Mechanical Weathering
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| The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces. |
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| A circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles. |
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| They are microorganisms that produce methane in low oxygen conditions. Instead of using oxygen to create energy they use methane. |
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| This is the study of ancient climates. It compares the current day climates to ancient ones in order to understand natural variation and evolutionary change of the climate. |
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Is the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils.
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| The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents. |
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| Is the hypothesis about the origins of life on Earth. The development of life already exists in the universe and arrived on Earth by meteorites, comets, and spacecraft. |
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| The apparent change in position of an object when seen from different places; used to estimate distances to stars within our galaxy |
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| The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms. |
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Punctuated Equilibrium Theory
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| This is a theory about species showing little evolutionary change over time until the pressure to do so. |
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Relative Humidity
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| The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain at a particular temperature |
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| A mechanism that may contribute to plate motion; it involves the oceanic lithosphere sliding down the oceanic ridge under the pull of gravity |
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Scientific Notation
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| In many branches of science, some numbers are very small, while others are very large. To express these numbers conveniently, scientists use a type of shorthand called scientific notation, in which a number is expressed as a value between 1 and 10 |
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Specific Gravity (SG)
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| Test to measure the concentration of urine; used to evaluate the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine |
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| The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. |
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Theory of Evolution
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This theory was developed by Charles Darwin. It states that organisms change over time as a result of changes in physical or behavioral traits. These changes allow an organism to better adapt to its environment. |
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| A type of extremophile bacteria that thrives at high temperatures. |
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| The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves |
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| The lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7-6.2 miles (6-10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere. |
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Where Minerals Form
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| They can form on the surface through evaporation of solutions containing dissolved minerals. They can form beneath the surface when dissolved elements and compounds leave a hot water solution or when magma cools and hardens. |
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