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earth science chpt. 20
study guide. Science Explorer: Earth Science
24
Science
8th Grade
03/04/2013

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Term
geocentric
Definition
A description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around Earth
Term
heliocentric
Definition
A description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around the sun.
Term
ellipse
Definition
An elongated circle, or oval shape, the shape of the planets' orbits.
Term
inertia
Definition
The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.
Term
nuclear fusion
Definition
The combining of two atomic nuclei into a single larger nucleus, as when two hydrogen atoms join together to form helium, releasing energy.
Term
core
Definition
The central-part of the sun, where nucleus fusion occurs.
Term
photosphere
Definition
The inner layer of the sun's atmosphere
Term
chromosphere
Definition
The middle layer of the sun's atmosphere.
Term
corona
Definition
The outer layer of the sun's atmosphere.
Term
solar wind
Definition
A stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun's corona.
Term
sunspot
Definition
Dark, cooler regions on the surface of the sun.
Term
prominence
Definition
A loop of gas that protrudes from the sun's surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.
Term
solar flare
Definition
An explosion of hydrogen gas from the sun's surface that occurs when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect.
Term
terrestrial planets
Definition
The name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
Term
retrograde rotation
Definition
The spinning motion of a planet from east to west, opposite to the direction of rotation of most planets and moons.
Term
greenhouse effect
Definition
The process by which heat heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases that form a "blanket" around Earth.
Term
gas giant
Definition
The name given to the first four outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Term
comet
Definition
A ball of ice and dust whose orbit is a long, narrow ellipse.
Term
asteroid
Definition
Objects revolving around the sun that are too small and too numerous to be considered planets.
Term
asteroid belt
Definition
The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found.
Term
meteroid
Definition
A chunk of rock or dust in space.
Term
meteor
Definition
A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
Term
meteorite
Definition
A meteoroid that has hit Earth's surface.
Term
extraterrestrial life
Definition
Life that arises outside of Earth.
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