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Earth Science Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Study Guide
17
Geology
11th Grade
01/30/2013

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Term
Rock cycle
Definition
any three major types of rock can be changed into another of the three types, geologic forces and processes cause rock change from one type to another
Term
Bowen's reaction series
Definition
the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point
Term
igneous rock
Definition
rock that forms when magma cools and soildifies
Term
intrusive igneous rock
Definition
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface
Term
extrusive igneous rock
Definition
rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
Term
felsic
Definition
describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars ad silica and that is generally light in color
Term
mafic
Definition
describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color
Term
compaction
Definition
the process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments
Term
cementation
Definition
the process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock
Term
chemical sedimentary rock
Definition
sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension
Term
organic sedimentary rock
Definition
sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals
Term
clastic sedimentary rock
Definition
sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted pr cemented together
Term
metamorphism
Definition
the process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in temperature and pressure
Term
contact metamorphism
Definition
a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma
Term
regional metamorphism
Definition
a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces
Term
foliation
Definition
the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands
Term
nonfoliated
Definition
the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands
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