Term
| What are 4 pieces of evidence supporting sea-floor spreading? |
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Definition
| Younger rocks closer to midocean ridge, paleomagnetic stripes on each side of ridge, pillow lava and seafloor cracks found by Alvin. |
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Term
| Most oceanic crust is comprised of: |
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Definition
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Term
| continental crust is composed of: |
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Definition
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Term
| method of heat transfer is considered the main driving force for all plate movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ocean floor spreading occurs at: |
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Definition
| rift zones, divergent boundaries |
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Term
| Magnetic stripes in the ocean floor rocks showed that the earth’s magnetic fields or poles |
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Definition
| reverse in a regular pattern, have switched over geologic time |
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Term
| The Ring of Fire outlines which plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption are called |
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Definition
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Term
| fast-moving clouds of gas, ash, and other tephra. |
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Definition
| Nuee__ _Ardente__ or pyroclastic cloud |
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Term
| What forms when the top or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber as in Yellowstone or Long Valley (California)? |
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Definition
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Term
| . Compared the thickness and density of continental and oceanic crust |
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Definition
| Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. |
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Term
| What is New Jersey’s location relative to a plate boundary? |
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Definition
| Close to the center of the North American plate, closest boundary is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, at the mid-ocean ridge |
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Term
| Most scientists in Wegener’s time rejected his Continental Drift hypothesis because |
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Definition
| his inability to accurately/plausibly explain the mechanism by which the plates move |
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Term
| List the top three gases in the atmosphere by percentage, in descending order |
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Definition
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Term
| Condensation occurs at the |
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Definition
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Term
| As you increase you altitude |
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Definition
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Term
| The _ozone_ layer located in the |
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Definition
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Term
| stratosphere absorbs damaging |
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Definition
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Term
| man made chemical used in aerosols and refrigerators |
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Definition
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Term
| In what atmospheric layer is most of the water vapor found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is occuring? The handle of a metal spoon gets hot when sitting in hot water, even though the handle is not in the water. |
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Definition
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Term
what is occuring?
The circulation of heat in earth’s mantle, or why cream will mix without stirring in a cup of hot tea. |
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Definition
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Term
What is occuring?
You can feel the heat from a fireplace when you get close |
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Definition
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Term
| The lowest relative humidity will occur during the part of the day when the temperature is farthest away from the |
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Definition
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Term
| The highest relative humidity occurs when the temperature is equal to |
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Definition
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Term
| Temperature increases here due to energy absorption by ozone |
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Definition
| ozone layer in stratosphere |
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Term
| Puffy cotton ball type clouds, indicators of fair weather, name means “heap” |
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Definition
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Term
| clouds that form as a layer |
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Definition
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Term
| An air mass’s ability to resist rising |
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Definition
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Term
| All forms of water that fall from clouds |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do the wind belts blow at an angle? |
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Definition
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Term
| name front: Cold, dense air that displaces warm air, forcing the warm air up . Precipitation occurs just behind the front. |
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Definition
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Term
name front:
Advancing warm air that displaces cold air. Approach is characterized by clouds that gradually lower and eventually produce steady rain. Precipitation occurs ahead of the front. |
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Definition
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Term
name front
Cold air mass that moves rapidly and overtakes a warm front, resulting in two cold air masses meeting at the surface and forcing the warm air above them |
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Definition
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Term
name front:
Two air masses that meet and do not advance |
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Definition
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Term
| what forms When friction between updrafts and downdrafts within a cumulonimbus cloud creates regions of air with opposite charges |
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Definition
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Term
| . Lightning is seen before thunder is heard because |
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Definition
| light is faster than sound |
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Term
| What are three atmospheric conditions necessary for the development of a thunderstorm? |
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Definition
| ? Sufficient moisture in the air, a source of uplift, contrast in temperatures of the air masses |
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Term
| How do you protect yourself from hail? |
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Definition
| get under cover and stay away from windows |
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Term
| how do u protect urself from lighning? |
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Definition
| get inside. dont touch plumbing or electric shit |
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Term
| how do u protect urself from tornado |
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Definition
| get to the lowest interior room of a house. away from windows |
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Term
| how do you protect against flood |
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Definition
| follow flood watch and warnings to leave low areas if neccasary |
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Term
| The icy precipitation that sometimes occurs with severe thunderstorms is called |
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Definition
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Term
| . List 4 stages of tropical cyclone development from lowest to highest strength. |
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Definition
| Tropical wave, tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane(or typhoon or cyclone) |
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Term
| The phenomenon in which the effects of cold air are worsened by wind and moisture in the air is the |
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Definition
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Term
| An extended period of well below normal rainfall is a |
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Definition
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Term
Evaluate the next two statements and decide if each is a description of weather or climate
It rained for 4 days straight |
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Definition
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Term
Evaluate the next two statements and decide if each is a description of weather or climate.
The average rainfall for this month is 3.14 inches (I don’t know if this is true, I just made this up for this practice test). |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the urban heat island affect |
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Definition
| The increase in air temperature caused by increased absorption and radiation of paved surfaces, buildings, pollution of transportation and factories, found in industrialized urban regions. |
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Term
| . Give two examples of greenhouse gases that are increased by human activities and include the source. |
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Definition
Carbon dioxide – burning of fossil fuels
Nitrates and sulfates – automobile exhaust
Water vapor in the upper atmosphere – jet airplane contrails |
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Term
| Suggest two things that can be done to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by human activities |
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Definition
| 1. better exhaust filters, 2. use public transportation or car pool, 3) alternate energy production methods |
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Term
| List 4 effects that global climate change could have on the planet and it’s natural systems. |
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Definition
1. death of some plant and animal species
2. change in growing regions for various crops
3. flooding of coastal regions due to melting of glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland,
4. change in ocean currents and salinity in the ocean. |
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Term
| What is the cause of acid rain and how does it interfere with the water cycle? |
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Definition
| Nitrogen and sulfur based compounds released into the atmosphere as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels. These compounds react with water vapor in the air to form acid rain which in turn may fall and react with surfaces instead of proceeding through the water cycle. For example, highly acid rain is toxic to most plant life, which means the plants die and will not replace water vapor in the atmosphere through the process of transpiration. |
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Term
| What are 4 weather changes El Niño conditions can cause in the United States? |
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Definition
Warmer than average winters in the upper Midwest and northwest – less snow
Central and southern California and southwest US get more rain than normal
Fewer hurricanes form
Wet and cool in the south during winter, dry and warm in the north during winter |
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Term
| Where does el Nino occur? |
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Definition
| In the tropical South Pacific Ocean |
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Term
| what r 4 natural causes of ice ages? |
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Definition
| Extensive volcanic activity, meteor collision, changes in solar activity, changes in the earth’s orbit, changes in the composition of the atmosphere, plate tectonics, solar activity variations |
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Term
| Which energy sources are derived originally from the Sun’s energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Earth’s natural cycles has been most impacted by the release of carbon dioxide due to the burning of fossil fuels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cycle involves bacteria in soil that convert this nutrient into different forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cycle is the slowest because it depends mostly on geologic processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantage of damming rivers for hydroelectric power? |
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Definition
| Cheap, clean energy and flood control are advantages. Flooding of river valleys, changing of habitats, interruption of fish ability to move up and downstream are disadvantages |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages to using coal to generate electricity? |
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Definition
| Cheap, uses existing technology as an advantage, abundant in USA. Pollutes the atmosphere with greenhouse gases and particulates as well as bases for acid rain as disadvantage |
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Term
| Which of the following products are not made from petroleum resources? |
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Definition
| All plastic are petroleum based |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of cars with hybrid and electric motors |
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Definition
| Advantage – less pollution, better gas mileage. Disadvantage – cost more, not as much power. |
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Term
| . Renewable resources can be replenished in |
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Definition
| a reasonable length of time (your life) |
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