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| Made from using your 5 senses and tools that help extend your senses |
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| Can be made from your observations, they are inferences about the future |
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| things are grouped together based on similar charachteristics |
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| ways to express an observation with more accuracy. 3 basic dimensional measurements:time, distance and mass...always compared to a known standard |
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| change in field value/time. tells you how quickly something is changing |
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| tells how far off an answer is from the correct answer. difference from accepted value/accepted value*100 |
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| density increases when preesure is exerted on an object(like a propane tank). Size does not affect density. |
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| The density of water is highest at 4 degrees celsius, water is the only known substance that is less dense in solid form than liquid form. |
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| An increase in temp will decrease density |
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| Boundaries between masses that contain different properties |
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| 15 dgrees per hour, 24 different time zones |
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| divdes western and eastern hemispheres |
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| divides norhtern and souther hemisperes |
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| how far norht or south you are from the equator, angle of polaris |
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| connect the poles, time zones |
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| each can be broken up into 60 minutes |
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| Format: hours, minutes, seconds |
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| how steep an are is on a map. Formula: change in field value/distance |
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| use contour lines that show the elevation of certain points.closer the countour lines=steeper the hill. river= lines facing upstream. depression= hatches. never cross. sea level always start at 0. |
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| oblate spheroid, not visible to the naked eye |
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| seeems to stay still in the night sky and all the other stars move around it. |
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| earth goes around the sun |
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| longest day of the year (june 21) |
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| shortest day of the year (dec 21) |
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| 12 hour daylight (march 21) |
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| 12 hours daylight (september 23) |
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| sun rises due east and due west |
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| south of equator, sun hits tropic of capricorn |
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| north of equater, sun hits tropic of cancer |
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| growing= waxing, shrinking=wanning, phases move right to left |
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| moon blocks the sun from hitting earth |
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| earth blocks the sun from hitting the moon |
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| countess galaxies with clusters of stars, huge |
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| spiral galaxy, were believed to be on the edge of the arms |
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| model of solar system with the sun at the center and the planets revolve around the sun |
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| model of teh solar system with the earth at the center and everything revolving around it |
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| the ways planets travels, sort of like ovals |
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| measure of how flat an orbit is relative to a circle, distance between focal points/length of major axis. higher the number=more flat. |
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| faster when closer to the sun. |
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| light waves are longer then what they should be so it shows that the universe is expanding, stars are emiiting red light which means they are moving away from us. |
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| graphs luminosity vs temp. and mass vs temp. |
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temperature
luminosity
size
color |
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3 major types
spiral, elliptical, irregular. units are lightyears. very in size, shape and color. |
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| main sources: sun and interior processes |
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| transfer of energy through direct contact through solids |
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| transfer of energy through the movement of fluids |
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| transfer of energy through waves and does not require matter through which to travel |
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| incoming solar radiation (sunshine) |
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| means that it absorbs and releases energy slowly |
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| heats up and cools down much fater than water |
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| is measured in calories, means amount of energy it takes to raise water by one degree celsius |
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| higher the pressure between places the faster teh wind blows |
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