Term
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Definition
| The physical and or chemical breakdown of rocks exposed at the surface of the earth. |
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Term
| Define Chemical Weathering |
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Definition
| Breakdown of rocks by chemical means, changes the chemical composition of the rock. |
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Term
| Define Mechanical Weathering |
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Definition
| Takes large rocks and turns them into small pieces. |
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Term
| What is the most common Mechanical Weathering Process? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cracks in the rocks get water in them, the wtaer freezes as the temp drops and expands inside the cracks, cracks are enlarged, intervening rock is dislodged. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rocks deep within the earth are under high confining pressure. As the overburden is eroded away, the pressure is reduced. The resulting expansion results in large curving cracks forming parallel to the exposed surface of the outcrop. |
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Term
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Definition
| The adding of water molecules to break bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An element combines with oxygen to form a new compound. |
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Term
| Discuss Spheriodal Weathering |
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Definition
| Turning rocks into spheres. |
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Term
| Rate of Weathering in Limestone. Humid v. Dry |
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Definition
| Limestone weathers very slowly in dry climates. It weathers a lot faster in humid climates. |
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Term
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Definition
| The layer of rocks and mineral fragments caused by weathering on the earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The poriton of the regolith that supports plant growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Partially decayed organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ideal soil, a good mixture of sand, silt, and clays. |
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Term
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Definition
| The way soils are classified on the relative portions of sand, silt, adnd clay sized particles in the soil. |
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Term
| Soil is made of what 4 things? |
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Definition
| Minerals, Air, Water, Organic Matter |
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Term
| How does parent material influence soil development? |
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Definition
| A hard mineral with few nutrients, will not make a good soil; however, a soft mineral made of many nutrients will make a good soil. |
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Term
| Is parent material more influential in yound or old soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does time influence soil development? |
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Definition
| Over time, organic material is added to the soil, making it more nutrient-rich. |
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Term
| How does climate influence soil development? |
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Definition
| The climate has an effect on the type of weathering that occurs; therefore, it influences soil development. |
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Term
| Does climate effect young or old soil more? |
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Definition
| Climate is more influential in an older soil. |
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Term
| How does slope influence soil development? |
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Definition
| Flat areas can develop thicker soil then a steep area. |
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Term
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Definition
| The layers of soil together make up the soil profile. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of soil containing organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of minerals and organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where eluviation occurs. (Water moving downward through soil carrying fine particles.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of clay transported from the E Horizon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Partially altered partent material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water moving downward theough the soil carrying fine particles with it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes all processes by which masses of rock and soil move downslope due to the influence of gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum angle at which a slope of unconsolidated material is stable. |
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Term
| Define Unconsolidated Material |
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Definition
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Term
| Define Consolidated Material |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors effect the angle of repose? |
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Definition
| Moisture and soil texture. |
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Term
| What 3 criteria are used to classify mass movements? |
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Definition
Nature of the material.
Speed of Movement.
Nature of the Movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual rocks plummet in freefall from a cliff or steep mountainside. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rocks remain fairly coherent and the movement is along a well-defined surface parallel to the slope. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Christopher West. AKA Very slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope usually as a result of freezing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid mass movement, can be either debris flow or mudflow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow containing larger rock fragments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow of relatively fine-grained material such as soil, weathered shales, or clay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow slide of unconsolidated material that moves as a unit along a concave upward surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any channelized flow of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevation where stream enters a large standing body of water. |
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Term
| Tributaries v. Distributaries |
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Definition
| Tributaries are found in the headwater region of a stream and distributaries are found in the delta. |
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Term
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Definition
| Numerous secondary eddies and swirls in addition to the main downstream movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The volume of water passing a given point during a specific interval of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stream which never dries up. |
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Term
| Define Intermittent Stream |
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Definition
| A stream in which the water dries up yearly. |
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Term
| Discuss stream velocity in a straight stream |
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Definition
| The fastest water is in the center. |
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Term
| Discuss stream velocity in a meander |
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Definition
| The fastest water flows on the outside bank (cut bank) and sediment is deposited on the opposine bank. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment that is transported in the water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment that is transported along the bed. |
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Term
| 3 means by which sediment is transported by a stream |
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Definition
| Suspension, Saltation, Bed Load |
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Term
| 3 mechanisms by which bed load moves sediments |
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Definition
| Rolling, Sliding, Saltation |
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Term
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Definition
| The ground level which has air and water mixed. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The ground level which is completely saturated with water. |
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Term
| Define Zone of Saturation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The line between the vadose and phreatic zones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The percentage of pore spaces in the total volume of rock or sediment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the size and connectiveness of the pore spaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Impermeable layer preventing groundwater movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A water saturated zone with good porosity and permeabilty. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hole used to draw groundwater up the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The lowering of the water table near a well. |
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Term
| Define the Cone of Depression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Associated with confined aquifers. Need an incline and aquiclude. |
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Term
| What two criteria are necessary for a well to be artesian? |
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Definition
| Need an incline and an aquiclude. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass of ice formed by recrystallized snow that deforms plastically under its own weight. |
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Term
| Discuss the two ways glaciers erode |
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Definition
Plucking- Melt water seeps into the cracks, freezes blocks of rocks to bottom or sides of glacier and is plucked out as glacier moves. (Similar to frost-wedging).
Abrasion- The plucked blocks scrape bedrock along the bottom and sides of glaciers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposits left by a glacier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unsorted unstratefied drift deposited by a glacier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposited by glacial meltwater. |
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Term
| What are the typical rates of glacial movement? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A glacier formed in a mountain chain. |
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Term
| Define Continental Glacier |
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Definition
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Term
| Define Zone of Accumulation |
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Definition
| The area on the glacier where annual snowfall exceeds the amount of ice that leaves the area. |
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Term
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Definition
| The line which separates the Zone of Accumualtion and the Zone of Ablation |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of ice is greater than the amount of snow. |
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Term
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Definition
| A jagged punnacle peak where several aretes coalesce. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Moraine at the end of a glacier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moraines on the sides of glaciers. |
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Term
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Definition
| When lateral moraines coalesce in the middle of 2 glaciers. |
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Term
| Define Recessional Moriane |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| See terminal moraine because I apparently have no fucking clue what that is. |
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Term
| What are aretes and how do they form? |
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Definition
| A jagged sawtooth ridge separating 2 glacial valleys, glaciers erode rocks. |
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Term
| What is a hanging valley and how do they form? |
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Definition
| A hanging valley is a small valley meeting up with s larger valley, formed by a smaller glacier meeting up with a larger glacier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers all the ground and results in a "rolling hills" landscape. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long sinuous ridge of meltwater stream deposits from a channel flowing along the bottom of a melting glacier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depression caused by a block of ice buried or partially buried by outwash. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lake which forms inside a kettle. |
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Term
| When did the Pleistocene era begin? End? |
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Definition
| 2 million years ago- 11,500 years ago. |
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