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the various solids, liquids, and gases that make up the earth |
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| The scientific study of Earth's history and structure |
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an earth material made up of different ingredients called minerals (examples: granite, basalt, limestone, sandstone, marble) |
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a basic earth material; a rock ingredient that cannot be physically broken down any further or separated into different kinds of ingredients (examples: calcite, quartz, gypsum, fluorite, mica, hornblende, feldspar) |
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Something that can physically be observed such as size, shape, or color |
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to dry up; moisture goes away into the air/atmosphere, separates the ingredients in rocks |
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to mix a solid substance with a liquid until it breaks down into small pieces |
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| signs or facts on which a conclusion can be based |
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| solid matter such as sand or gravel that settles to the bottom of a liquid |
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a weak acid solution, called acetic acid, used to test for the presence of calcite (geologists generally use the stronger boric acid) |
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the solid form of a material that can be identified by its natural shape or pattern, hexagon, square, diamond, star and pentagon shapes |
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one of the most common minerals on earth, found in such common rocks as limestone and marble
(hardness 3) |
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one of the most common minerals in the earth's crust, valued as a gem and because of its hardness and colored forms - frequently used in jewelry
(hardness 7) |
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a mineral that forms when seawater evaporates under arid condidtions, chalky to the touch, somewhat soft: can be scratched with a paper cllip, fingernail, and penny
(hardness 2) |
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a mineral that comes in a variety of colors (ours was green), can be scratched with a paper clip, and glows under ultraviolet light, used to make high octane gas
(hardness 4) |
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a rock that derives from limestone as a result of pressure, temperature, and time; used as a building material for tombstones and monuments, contains calcite |
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a sedimentary rock that contains the mineral calcite, also used as a building material |
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| a dark rock formed from cooling lava |
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| a sedimentary rock made mostly of sand |
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| a mineral that pulls apart in thin, flexible sheets, and is one of the components of granite |
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| a member of a group of minerals, a component of granite that has long needlelike crystals |
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| the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust; a group of related minerals that come in a variety of colors and are one of the components of granite |
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| 4 minerals tested in the scratch test |
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gypsum
calcite
fluorite
quartz
(softest to hardest) |
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| Rocks used in calcite quest |
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calcite*
marble*
limestone*
sandstone
basalt
*contained calcite |
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mica
hornblende
quartz
feldspar |
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| color description of appearance |
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| Diameter, circumference, and depth |
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Properties
Weight or Mass |
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How heavy is it?
Might be measured on a scale or compared with other materials on a balance |
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The resistance to being scratched. Measured through the use of the scratch test.
Mohs scale of hardness (scale of 1-10) talc being 1 (softest) and diamond being 10 (hardest) |
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surface properties of any material; especially as they apply to appearance or touch:
How does the rock feel/look?
(rough, bumpy, smooth, chalky, etc) |
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| test conducted to discover the presence (or absence) of calcite; through the use of acid/vinegar, indicated by active bubbling (not air bubbles) on rock, cloudiness, disintegration of rock, evaporation results of vinegar and sediment dish |
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