• knights in shining armor
• given by monarch because of military service
• passes thru generations
• think they are biologically differnt
• seperate from other people (no taxes)
• not useful (Erasmus's critique)

Was the nobility of the medival period. This was the starting point for nobility in Early Modern Europe

• Thru administratrative positions
• thru purchasing of titles
• educated
• some civil service (lawyers)

This was the new nobility. It was brought about to centralize the state. Forced education upon the nobility of the sword.

• paid to the church
• min 1/3-10% paid once a year "in kind" with crops

Paid to the catholic church for funding of the priests and monastaries.

• town dweller
• little contact with central govt.

Was the common folk that can be seen in the city. the third class of people.

small german states ruled by one man. made up of 1000 german fragmented states. states independently governed.

Realized that this instability was causing a lot of problems which let to absolutism. A large part of EME

 indiginous People founded by Columbus on Hispaniola

killed by diseases brought by the Europeans

Were used for slaves, when they died the slave trade began

Spanish explorer who was out to look for gold. Determined to conquer Mexicotook over Aztec with 100,00 non Aztec indians

• Blending of traditons
• tend to have a christian theme (no nudity)
• hated scolasticism (line of inquidary that is intangible) (opposite of practical)
• optimism
• utility

The ideas of Christian Humanists were what sparked many of the ideas for the Reformation. They ultimately died out because the Ref called for no middle ground and although they believed similar things to the Reformers they didnt want to leave the CC

"Prince of Christian Humansits"

born a bastard, he had little religous training but knew the classic books (greek and latin)

goes to seminary and rejects Catholism and scolasticism

A large critiqor of the CC but did not want to leave the CC

wealthy family, rose high in govt. wrote utopia. had conflict with Henry VIII

Represented both Reniassance and Reformation ideals. Utopia

written by Luther and nailed to the door of Willenburg on 10.31.1517

95 arguments agains the indulgences

attacking the personality of the pope

sparked the Reformation. was put in a place where it was seen and read because it was in german.

• sale for remission/forgiveness of sin
• express ticket out of purgatory for dead people
• financial instrument- raised funds for church
• Luther specifically struggled if they really forgave his sin

One of the biggest issues in the Reformation. Was the topic of Luther's 95 theses. They were used as finiancial instument with gave money to the church but was challenged if ethical by many.

Henry VIII's acts that cause him to be seperated from the CC after he asks for his annulment. He declars marriage of Catherine invalid. makes people say oath

this breaks the bond btw rome to a point of know return. Causing the Church of England to be the new offical church.

Henry's second wife. The one he left the CC for. She was already preggers before Catherine and his marriage was considered invalid. Mother of Elizabeth. but after not producing a male heir was killed

She was the woman that Henry left which caused the English Ref.

Jesuits. started by Loyola. Goals: education(free colleges, strengthen catholic views, convert protestants), missionary activities, charitable works

Their education give peasants opportunity which makes E more intelligent.

list of books you cannot read. idea to keep catholic lay pure. consisted of bibles, books, printers, publishers, luther and calvins writings

This failed because anything they put on the list people wanted to read which acutally help spread Protestantism. They did this though because they believed that Catholicim help E together

started out to be punishment and forgiveness of those who were not Caholic. goal was to find heresy and snuff it out. consisted of trials, fines, prison, signs saying heretic.

was one side of the CR