Term
| what data do we have on speech to children prior to birth? |
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Definition
it has an effect.
one half of children read a book 6 weeks before birth show signs of recognition of said book after birth. |
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Term
| At what point to infants start to use gestures in a communicative manner? |
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Definition
| They start around 8 months |
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Term
| What are the criteria to determine whether a behavior reveals and intent to communicate? |
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Definition
| cirteria are 1) waiting, 2) persistence, and 3) development of alternative plans. |
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Term
| what's a good first sign of 'intentional communication' |
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Definition
| when children start looking at adults to see if they understand |
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Term
| how do parents help children learn intentional communication? |
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Definition
| parents facilitate learning by adding trivial comments (like "good boy!") which help to segment actions into repeatable, analysable units |
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Term
| definition of communicative competence |
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Definition
| knowing how to use gesture and word sto show off objects, make assertions, amek requiests, and the like. |
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Term
| what type of responses do children initially tend towards? |
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Definition
| children tend to prefer action responses over informing responses. |
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Term
| what's the fis phenomenon? |
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Definition
| the phenomenon in which children know which sounds are right before they are necessarily able to speak them. |
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Term
| name a problem found in studying infant categorical perception. |
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Definition
| while with adults one can compare both identification and discriminiation performation to determine categorical perception, there's no way to assess identificaiton in infants, only discrimination. |
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Term
| what does perceptual reorganization of infant phonetic perception do to, say, click consonants in English? |
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Definition
| Since click consonants aren't even categories in english, there is no decline in discriminating them. |
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Term
| what's one pattern that infants use to segment speech streams into sequences? |
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Definition
| they use statistical probabilities to notice common sequences. |
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Term
| how soon can infants distinguish between utterances in their maternal langauge and those in another language? |
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Definition
| they can tell by the 4th day. |
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Term
| when do we get infant sensitivity to prosodic aspects of langauge? |
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Definition
| since birth (or at least some time in utero) |
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Term
| define reduplicated babbling. |
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Definition
| the repetition of a consonant-vowel sequence (such as bababababa) |
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Term
| define variegated babbling |
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Definition
| variable sounds such as bigodabukateka |
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Term
| when do the two stages of babbling occur? |
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Definition
| reduplicated babbling occurs around 6-7 months, variegated babbling in 11-12 months |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols invented by the child to refer to objects or events in their environment |
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Term
| name two things that idiomorph use says about child language acquisition |
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Definition
| first, that it's creative, and second, that have laerned that it's improtant to be conisistent in their references to objects |
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Term
| name the four most common processes of regularity in children's pronunciation of adult words. |
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Definition
| Reduction, Coalescence, Assimilation, and Reduplication |
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Term
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Definition
| when children delete or eliminate sounds to simplify speech |
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Term
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Definition
| when phonemes from different syllabbles are combined into a single syllable |
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Term
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Definition
| when children change one sound to make it similar to another sound in the same word (nance for dance, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| when one syllable of a multisyllabic word is repeated |
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Term
| about how many words does a child know by age 6? |
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Definition
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Term
| description of early childhood words |
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Definition
| first general nominals, followed by specific ominals, action words, modifiers, personal and social words, and function words. Objects that teh child cannot easily maniuplate are conspicuously absent |
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Term
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Definition
| children learn new words really quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| yhe process of learning what objects in the world various words refer to |
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Term
| overextension and underextension |
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Definition
| mapping a specific noun as its general category, or a category as a specific noun |
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Term
| define Ostensive definition |
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Definition
| statement of the form "That is an X" |
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Term
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Definition
| a single-word utterance used by a child to express more than the meaning adults use (as in having nouns convey their common activity, or an "i want", etc.) |
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Term
| what's Greenfield and Smith (1976)'s position on holophrase use? |
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Definition
| that children use the environment as the rest of their utterance, without having the grammatical knowlege implicit in a sentence |
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Term
| what are various implied semantic relations used in one-word speech? |
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Definition
| naming, volition, agent, action, object, state of object, accociated object, possessor, or location |
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Term
| when do word combinations start to show up? |
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Definition
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Term
| define basic child grammar |
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Definition
| the universal construction of children learning their native language |
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Term
| mean length of utterances in morphemes (MLU) |
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Definition
| number of morphemes in 100 utterances, divided by 100 |
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Term
| Brown's five stages of MLU-defined development |
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Definition
| stage I -putting words together- MLU<1.75 ;stage 2 - learning to modulate meaning by morphemes - 2.25; stage 3 - complex constructions - 2.75; stage 4 - more complex constructions- 3.5; stage 5: 4 |
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Term
| Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) |
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Definition
| alternative to MLU measures structures too |
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Term
| approaches of how children order and think about early multiword sequences |
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Definition
| some say that it's syntactic (subject-predicate-etc) some that it's semantic (agent-actor-etc) and some that its positional (initial-medial-final-etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| use their knowledge of semantic relations to learn syntactic relations |
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Term
| compare infanct comprehension and production |
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Definition
| comprehension seems to happen before production (for a given stage) |
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Term
| children seem to have two different strategies in speech |
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Definition
| some us a referential strategy, some an expressive one |
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