Term
A. afarensis
really heavy mostly black
"Lucy" |
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Definition
(3.9-2.9 mya)
Hadar, Ethiopia
Laetoli, Tanzania
by
Don Johanson & Mary Leaky |
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Term
A. africanus
huge white stripe above brow speckled color |
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Definition
3.5=2.0 mya
Taung, S. Africa
Sterfontein, S. Africa
Makapansgat, S. Africa
by
Dart & Broom |
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Term
K. platyops
most weathered looking |
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Definition
3.5-2.0mya
Lomekwi, Kenya
by Leaky |
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Term
A. aethipiocus
Black skull, large sagittal crest |
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Definition
2.7-2.5 mya
Kenya
Alan Walker |
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Term
A. boisei
mostly white with black spots under eyes |
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Definition
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Term
A. robustus
all teeth but front |
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Definition
2.0-1.5 mya
S. Africa
Broom |
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Term
H. habilis
smaller skull, curled hand, "Handy Man" |
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Definition
2.4-1.6 mya
Kenya
Louis and Richard Leaky |
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Term
H. erectus
multi-colored skull |
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Definition
1.8 mya-100,000 BP
Trinil, Java (Indonesia): Dubois
Zhoukoudian, China: Pei Wenshong/Davidson Black
Nariokotombe, Kenya: Kamoya Kimeu/Alan Walker |
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Term
H. neanderthals
yellow skull |
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Definition
150,000 mya-27,000BP
La Chapelle, France: Boule
Neander Valley, Germany: D. Gorjanovic-Kramberger
Shiandar, Iraq: Solecki |
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Term
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Definition
150,000 to present
Border Cave, S. Africa: Richard Leaky |
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Term
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Definition
95,000-13,000
Liang Bua Cave, Flores, Indonesia |
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Term
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Definition
3.3 ft tall
Shorter canines
Thin tooth enamel rules out hard foods
Long arm bones, short leg bones
Bipedal: position of foramen magnum
4.4 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
115 lbs.
Canines long & robust
THICK TOOTH ENAMEL, sexually dimorphic
Bipedal: tibia is evolved |
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Term
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Definition
sexual dimorphic height (3.3 ft-5 ft)
brain size: 420 cc (big compared to body size)
Prognathic face
low-vaulted brain case, large brows
U-shaped dental arcade
Human-like with long arms (not fully bipedal)
Bipedal & arboreal climbers |
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Term
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Definition
sexually dimorphic height (3.8-4.5 ft) & (55-100lbs)
brain size: 475 cc
U-shaped dental arcade
No canine diastema
diet: mostly fruits and leaves
longer arms and shorter legs than modern humans
Bipedal |
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Term
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Definition
"flat-faced man from Kenya"
broad and flat face
molars small w. thick enamel |
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Term
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Definition
sexually dimorphic height/weight (4.1-4.5 ft and 75-100 lbs)
sagittal crest w/ low forehead
large broad face
massive molars and lower jaw
human-like dental shape (parab.)
hard, tough, fibrous veg. foods
Bipedal |
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Term
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Definition
brain size: 530 cc
dish shaped cranium
(MADASS:beginning of sagittal crest)
parabolic dental arch
bipedal
hard tough foods |
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Term
| A. aethipicus (THE BLACK SKULL) |
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Definition
smaller brain size (410cc)
dished face, largest sagittal crest
bi8pedal |
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Term
H. habilis and H. rudolfensis
(habilis-smaller, rudolfensis-larger) |
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Definition
"Handy Man", first credited w. tools
increase in brain size (550-750cc)
no sagittal crest
incipient brow ridges
parabolic dental arch
no huge molars
longer arms and shorter legs (not full modern transition)
bipedal |
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Term
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Definition
a lot taller, 4.8-6.1 ft.
123-175 lbs.
brain size: 1000cc (increase)
long vaulted braincase
large brow ridges
sagittal keeling of frontal bones
shovel-shaped incisors (buildup of enamel) in some Asian groups
arm and leg proportions within modern human range
Africa, Asian, & Europe (1st assoc. w. leaving Africa)
fire |
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Term
H. ergaster
(similar to erectus) |
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Definition
Flat, thick skull w. large occipital and brow ridges
no sagittal keel
Africa
fire |
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Term
| H. sapiens (early archaic) |
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Definition
no sexual dimorphism
brain size: 1390cc (largest so far)
smaller brow ridges
higher cranial vault
less prognathic face
arm and leg proportions w/in modern human range
bipedal
Africa, Asia, and Europe
orange model |
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Term
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Definition
4.9-5.8 feet
110-175 lbs (shorter but thicker/sturdier bones)
large nose (for colder weather)
mid-facial prognathism
occipital bun
supra-iniac fossa(divet in back of skull)
bipedal
Europe and Middle East (iraq, Israel)
Adaptation to cold accounts for body size
yellowish/orange model |
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Term
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Definition
brain size: 1390cc
orange skull with snaggle tooth
thick brow ridge
less prognathic face
arm and leg proportions w/in modern human range
bipedal
Africa, Asia, and Europe
600,000-130,000 bp |
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Term
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Definition
brain size: 1330 cc
high forehead
little facial prognathism
legslonger than arms
Bipedal |
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Term
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Definition
Humans- strongly developed buttocks muscle
ability to lock knees
Chimp and Gorilla- unable to lock knees, under developed buttocks muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| porion to apex: ear canal to top of head |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| between eyes to furthest point at back of skull |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of skull at widest points on sides |
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Term
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Definition
| above incisors to bottom of skull (foramen magnum) |
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Term
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Definition
| above incisors to furthest point on back of skull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Max breadth/maximum length |
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Term
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Definition
| Prosthion-basion/prosthion-opisthocranion |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimum frontal/maximum breadth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ridge of bone you can put finger in to hold it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| external occipital protuberance |
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Definition
| furthest point on back of skull |
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Term
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Definition
all U shaped
erectus, eragaster,nean., and sapiens- parabola |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| early specis have large incisors and smaller molars b/c of their different diets7 |
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Term
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Definition
| early specis have large incisors and smaller molars b/c of their different diets7 |
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