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Definition
a.935-1392
b.Founded by Wang Kon
c.Highly stratified society
d.Yangban aristocracy replace True Bone system
e.Founded with a military takeover by Wang Kon |
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Term
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Definition
a.First Koryo emperor (918-943), he, consolidated power by alliance in intermarriage with local leaders. He made them send relatives to live in the capital as hostages.
b.He staffed government with more families from wider regions than the True Bone aristocrats from previous century. It was a highly stratified government.
c.He patronized Buddhism and Confucianism |
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Term
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Definition
a.Silla
b.Didn’t think king outranked them
c.Descendants of the three royal clans were True Bones
i. Only married same-class ppl
ii. Couldn’t drop status unless as punishment
iii. Controlled most of the offices
iv. Young men had “flower youth” groups that practiced military skills and cultural stuff
d.Bottom of True Bones were commoners and slaves
e.9th century new ranks for lower aristocrats added, but these lower aristocrats still couldn’t hold higher offices, so they were still unhappy, many moved to Koryo capital after Silla collapsed
f.True Bones enjoyed poetry
g.7th century True Bones were more likely to be warriors than scholar
h.When Silla ended and Koryo began, this system ended |
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Term
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Definition
a.Composition
i.Class/status – clan exogenous, class endogenous, occupationally defined
ii. Broader than the true-bone of Silla, or hereditary aristocracy of Koryo
iii.Examination system as avenue
iv.The system of privilege
v.Offices – NOT technical professional posts (Chungin/ chun-min?)
vi.Gradation within; civil over military, secondary wives, regional
b.Social structure
i.Yangban
ii.Illegitimate children of yangban fathers and lower class females
iii.Chungin functionaries
iv.Peasants
v.Slaves – tax exempt; increase in number by 15th c |
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Term
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Definition
a.Family that took over with a military coup in 1196 in Koryo
b.Ch’oe Ch’unghon demanded that King Myongjon dismiss superfluous officials, confiscate illegally acquired land, carry out tax reforms, and eliminate Buddhist influence and monastic money-lending
c.Replaced this king with the king’s younger brother
d.Ch’oe was succeeded by direct heirs for several decades
e.Ch’oe family sent its own tax-collecting agents to the provinces
f.Maintained civil service examinations for the yangban
g.Ch’oe Ch’unghon held writing and poetry contests
h.Ch’oe family deposed two kings and enthroned four
i.Turmoil
i.There were two slave uprisings, two popular revolts
ii.A Silla restoration revolt, a Koguryo restoration movement, Paekche pretender revolt
j.All put down, securing Ch’oe family dominance for four generations, but after 1216 that was threatened by the Mongols |
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| Korean sovereign state founded by Taejo. Lasted for five centuries from 1392 to 1897. Last royal dynasty. Founded in the aftermath of the Koryo dynasty. Capital was moved to Seoul, and borders were expanded because of the defeat of the Jurchen. Longest reigning Confucian dynasty. Made a strong push to inculcate Confucian ideals and practices, as well as adapting Chinese culture more generally, and was the height of classical Korean culture. Was invaded by Qing and Japan in 16th and 17th centuries, which led to increasing isolation. |
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| (1330-1374) Last King of Koryo, it seems. Second son of King Chungsuk. His wife was a Mongol, and he spent many years at the Yuan Court. Once he took over, he rapidly set about trying to assert Korean independence, and restoring civil agencies that had existed before the Mongols conquered them. Purged pro-Mongol officials. Beset by frequent pirate attacks and invasions by the Red Turban rebels. Slave registers were burned by rebels, making it harder to levy taxes and get labor service. Survived coup attempts and made the state formidable. Chose scholars who wanted to make the state perfectly Confucian. Also brought in Buddhist scholars to handle yin and yang and geomancy. He was finally assassinated in 1374, but his reforms greatly affected the next dynasty. |
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| (1367-1422) Helped father King Taejo found Choson dynasty by assassinating opponents. Twice called up 100,000 laborers to build a capital at Seoul. Strengthened the armed forces, confiscated Buddhist temple and monastery property, and created a sound fiscal base for the state. He attacked the Jurchens to the North as well as the Japanese pirates. Killed relatives to prevent power struggles. |
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| (1397-1450) Fourth king of the Choson dynasty. Strengthened the army and navy, defeated Wako pirates, extended territory. Dispatched Koreans from South as colonists to get control of area. He revised the land registration system to make it more equitable. He published books on agriculture and sericulture to promote better yields. He re-instituted state sponsored grain loans to farmers to help during famines. He outlawed cruel punishments, and began allowing appeals on death penalty cases and unsuccessfully tried to introduce metal and paper money. He also started the Hall of Worthies, where scholars collected documents and published books. He put this agency in charge of making Hangul. He wanted to spread learning beyond the Yangban, and break their hold on knowledge. He also sponsored accomplishment in science, medicine, and astronomy. However, after he died the country became unstable. |
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| (1335-1408) Established Choson dynasty in 1392. A powerful general. Became known as Taejo. Eliminated principal rivals, was basically a coup from within. There had been political infighting, and he was able to seize control, because Koryo had been ruled by the crumbling Mongol Empire, and forced intermarriage between Koreans and Mongols had deligitmized the dynasty. |
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| Served as a scholar official and prime minister during the Choson dynasty and at the time of the Imjin War. Wrote the Book of Corrections. |
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