A stone found in fields and used for building.

These flatter stones were used in the building of dugouts.

Dugout: A pit dug into the ground or on a hillside

used as a shelter by settlers.

logs set on end driven into the ground;

logs were wovenwith wattle;

fields stones used with sod; thatched roofs.        

Some more ambitious people would make palisade huts. 

·         

- building material consisting of interwoven rods and twigs covered with clay

- roof made of straw, reed, or similar  materials fastened together to shed water and sometimes to provide thermal insulation.

- a section of grass-covered surface soil held together by matted roots; turf

Sod House

- house with walls made of strips of sod laid horizontally in courses like bricks

Early settlers early shelter

Wigwams were built by bending and tying stripped

saplings into a vault and covering them with bark

The Stanley Whitman House

Mixture of Colonial style and Medieval style.

Medieval - fenestration, pendant drops

Colonial - use of wood, central chimney, symmetry

Has a Lean-to/is a salt box shape

1750 log cabin

Commemorates the Swedes' landing in 1638 at modern-day Fort Christina Park.

Swedes and Finns - made 1st log cabin.

log cabins fueled inland settlement

built in as little as two day

thatched or wood shingle roofs

Whipple House, Ipswich, Mass.  1639

Cross gables, stationary and casement windows,

lean-to

·         Daytime activities took place in the “hall.”

·         Formal entertainment or occasions in the “parlor.”

·     

Whipple House, Ipswich, Mass.  1639

Two large rooms on the ground floor flanked the central-fire stack, which contained back-to-back fireplaces. 

·         The two rooms on the second floor, called the “hall chamber” and the “parlor chamber.”

plastered walls and ceilings,  wooden members and “summer” beam, wainscoting and dado

 The Parson Capen House

Elizabethan Architecture

On a knoll

overlooking a common

pendant drops

top floor overhanging

mullioned windows

strapwork

high chimneys

overhanging first floors

pillared porches

dormer windows

thatched windows

leaded windows

Adam Thoroughgood House, 1636

Earliest exiting house in Virginia

Eleazer Arnold House

stone ender

casement windows

lead cames

Henry Whitfield House 1639-40

Stone house

minister’s residence

meeting house and fort with very thick walls

mortar = yellow clay and crushed oyster shells

dormer windows

House of the Seven Gables or

 Witches’ House or The Capt. John Turner House

Also the title of a novel written Nathaniel Hawthorne.

·         Jonathan Corwin on the Court of Oyer and Terminer. Condemned 19 "witches" to deaths

Bacon's Castle

Surry County, Virginia

Tudor chimney

fort or castle

Used during Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon never lived at Bacon's Castle

two-and-a half-story edifice

Tudor Gothic Style

Grouped chimney stacks

oriel window - a bay window supported on a bracket

 (tudor style window)

corbel

a piece of stone jutting out of a wall to carry any weight of an oriel window

Also called a console

Style of Oxford and Cambridge?

Old Ship Meeting House, Hingham, Mass. 1681

oldest surviving building for religious worship in the New England 

built by ship’s carpenters

William Damm Farrison House, Exeter, N.H 1675

 Fort Crailo, Rennsselare, N.Y. 1642

Yankee Doodle House - where it was written to mock the colonial troops

administrative building and fortress

two and one-half stories

Dutch crossbond

ornamental wrought-iron clamps

brick laid in stepped triangular patterns set at right angles to the slanting roof line = weatherproof edge 

clamps were to rivet the brick exterior to the brick or wooden frame

(Fort Crailo)

Pieter Wyckoff Houe, Brooklyn, N.Y. 1639-1641

Dutch Colonial with “Dutch cap” roof

Paul Revere House, 1676

one of the few remaining Medieval houses in the thirteen colonies.

occupied by Paul Revere

oldest wooden building still standing in Boston

Palace of the Governors

an adobe 

oldest continuously occupied public building

Spiral staircase in Loretto Chapel

considered a miracle

miraculously appeared overnight

built in France and shipped over

San Eseban, Acoma, N.M. 1642

European and Native American icons 

bird designs in red and black

earthen floor

sanctuary rugs cover the floor

reredos

the moon, sun, rainbow, and stars.