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Early Astronomy
Prehistoric Advances:Phenomena in the Sky
38
Astronomy
12th Grade
10/25/2008

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Cards

Term
celestial pole
Definition

projection of the earh's axis on the celestial sphere

Term
celestial pole
Definition
points directly above the terrestial poles
Term

zenith

Definition
point in the sky directly above the observer
Term
meridian
Definition
line from horizon to horizon that passes through the zenith and the celestial pole
Term
noon
Definition
point in time when the sun crosses the meridian.
Term
meridian
Definition
highest point each star reaches on any given night
Term
celestial equator
Definition
imaginary circle that lies 90 degrees from either the north or south celestial pol
Term
celestial equator
Definition
projection of the earth's equator on the celestial sphere
Term
ecliptic
Definition
the apparent path of the sun across the sky
Term

planets

(palanar)

Definition
named after the greek word meaning wanderer
Term
zodiac
Definition
path of the planet from night to night that runs along the eliptic
Term
eciptic
Definition

zone 18 degrees wide in the sky, centered on the eliptic, of which the planets follow

Term
heliacal rising
Definition
occurs on the first day each year when the star can be seen just before dawn
Term
heliacal setting
Definition
occurs on the last day of each year when the star can be seen at dusk
Term
constellatons
Definition

a total of 88 arbitrary groupingd of stars on the celestial equator

Term
(north)circumpolar
Definition
stars that never set
Term
(south)circumpolar
Definition
stars that never rise
Term
equatoral (stars)
Definition
stars that rise and set
Term
precession
Definition
shift of the celestial pole and equinoxes caused largely by the gravitational influence of the sun and the moon
Term
26,000
Definition
number of years required for one precession cycle
Term
equinox
Definition
two points at which the ecliptic crrosses the celestial equator
Term
equinoxes
Definition
vernal and autumal are exampples of...
Term
solstice
Definition
position in the sky at which the sun is at its maximum declination from the celestial equator
Term
soltices
Definition
what occurs during summer and winter?
Term
autumn equinox
Definition
sun crosses the celestial equator moving north
Term
spring equinox
Definition
sum crosses the celestial equator moving south
Term
summer solstice
Definition
sun reachest point farthest north of the celestial equator
Term
summer solstice
Definition
sun reachest point farthest north of the celestial equator
Term
winter solstice
Definition
sun reachest point furthest south of the celestial equator
Term
equinoctial orientation
Definition
a building aligned east to west
Term
ecclispe
Definition
comes from the greek word meaning abandonment
Term
annular solar eclispe
Definition
moon is at the farthest point in its orbit during a solar eclispe, only the solr photosphere is visible (as a bright ring)
Term
umbra
Definition
darker part of a sunspot or, main cone of shadow cast by the moon during a solar eclispe, or the earth during a lunar eclispe
Term
penumbra
Definition
the ligter part of the sunsot, partial shadow around the main cone of shadow cast by the moon suring solar eclispe or the earh during a lunar eclispe
Term
line of nodes
Definition
line that connects the only two points where the moon passes throught he earth's orbital plane
Term
the moon's precession
Definition
about 5 degerees, 18.6 years in a cycle
Term
eclispe year
Definition
346.6 days
Term
saros cycle
Definition
interval of 6585 dyas or about 18 years used to predict eclispses
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