Porifera

 

(sponges) Aquatic; lack true tissues and organs; motile larvae and sessile adults; filter feeders; internal skeleton made up of spongin and/or spicules of calcium carbonate or silica. Examples: Venus' flower basket, bath sponge, tube sponge.

Porifera

Phylum Cnidaria

Previously known as coelenterates; aquatic;

mostly carnivorous;

two layers of true tissues; radial symmetry;

tentacles bear stinging nematocysts;

many alternate between polyp and medusa body forms;

gastrovascular cavity.

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Spend most of their time as polyps; colonial or solitary;

life cycle typically includes a medusa generation that reproduces sexually

and a polyp generation that reproduces asexually.

Examples: hydra, Portuguese man-of-war.

Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Cnidaria

Class hydrazoa

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Phylum Cnidaria

Class scyphozoa

Spend most of their time as medusas;

some species bypass polyp stage.

Examples: lion's mane jellyfish, moon jelly, sea wasp.

Phylum Cnidaria

Class scyphozoa

Phylum Cnidaria

Class anthozoa

Colonial or solitary polyps; no medusa stage.

Examples: reef coral, sea anemone, sea pen, sea fan.

Phylum Cnidaria

Class anthozoa

Phylum

Platyhelminthes

(flatworms) Three layers of tissues (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm); bilateral symmetry; some cephalization; acoelomate; free-living or parasitic.

Platyhelminthes:

turbellaria

Free-living carnivores & scavengers;

 fresh water, in salt water, or on land;

move with cilia.

Example: planarians.

Platyhelminthes:

trematoda

(flukes) Parasites;

life cycle typically involves more than one host.

Examples: Schistosoma, liver fluke.

Platyhelminthes:

cestoda

(tapeworms) Internal parasites; lack digestive tract;

composed of many repeating sections (proglottids). Example: tapeworms.

Platyhelminthes:

turbellaria

Platyhelminthes:

trematoda

Platyhelminthes:

cestoda

Phylum Nematoda

(roundworms) Digestive system has two openings—a mouth and an anus; pseudocoelomates.

Ex. Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Trichinella.

Phylum Annelida

(segmented worms) segments with int. partitions;

digestive system has two openings;

coelomate; closed circulatory system.

Phylum Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

 salt water; pair of long bristly,

fleshy appendages on each segment;

some live in tubes.

Examples: sandworm, fanworm,

& feather-duster worm.

Phylum Annelida

Class: Polychaeta

Phylum Annelida

Class: oligochaeta

Lack appendages; few or small bristles;

terrestrial or fresh water.

Examples: Tubifex, earthworm.

Phylum Annelida

Class: oligochaeta

Phylum Annelida

Class: Hirudinea

(leeches) Lack appendages;

carnivores or blood-sucking external parasites;

most fresh water.

Ex: medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis).

Phylum Annelida

Class: Hirudinea

Phylum

Mollusca

Soft-bodied; often possess a hard,

calcified shell secreted by a mantle;

muscular foot; digestive system

with two openings; coelomates.

Phylum Mollusca:

Class: Bivalvia 

Two-part hinged shell;

wedge-shaped foot;

typically sessile as adults;

primarily aquatic; some burrow in

mud or sand. Ex. clam,

oyster, scallop, mussel.

Phylum Mollusca:

Class: Bivalvia

Phylum Mollusca:

Class: Gastropoda

Use broad, muscular foot in movement;

most have spiral, chambered shell;

some lack shell; distinct head;

some terrestrial, others aquatic;

many hermaphrodites.

Ex. snail, slug, nudibranch,

sea hare, & sea butterfly.

Phylum Mollusca:

Class: Gastropoda

Phylum Mollusca:

Class: cephalopoda

Foot is divided into tentacles;

live in salt water; closed circulatory system.

Ex. octopus, squid, nautilus, cuttlefish.

Phylum Mollusca:

Class: cephalopoda

Phylum:

arthropoda

Exoskeleton of chitin;

jointed appendages; segmented body;

many undergo metamorphosis during development;

open circulatory system;

largest animal phylum.

arthropoda:

subphylum trilobita

Two furrows running from head to

 tail divide body into three lobes;

1 pair of unspecialized appendages on each segment;

each appendage divided into

 two branches—a gill and a walking leg;

all extinct.

 arthropoda:

subphylum trilobita

 arthropoda:

subphylum chelicerata

1st pair of appendages specialized as feeding structures; cephalothorax and abdomen; lack antennae;

most terrestrial.

Ex. horseshoe crab, tick, mite, spider, scorpion.

 arthropoda:

subphylum chelicerata

arthropoda:

subphylum crustacea

most live in salt water;

2 pairs of antennae;  mandibles;

appendages consist of two branches;

many have a carapace that covers.

Ex. crab, crayfish, pill bug, water flea, barnacle.

arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia

Almost all terrestrial; 1 pair of antennae;

mandibles; unbranched appendages.

arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia

class chilapoda

Long body consisting of many segments;

one pair of legs per segment;

poison claws for feeding; carnivorous.

 arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia

class diplopoda

Long body consisting of many segments;

2 pairs of legs per segment;

mostly herbivorous.

arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia

class chilapoda

arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia

class diplopoda

arthropoda:

subphylum crustacea

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: crinoidea

Filter feeders; feathery arms;

mouth and anus on upper surface of body disk;

some sessile. Ex. sea lily, feather star.

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: crinoidea

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: asteroidea

Star-shaped; carnivorous;

bottom dwellers; mouth on lower surface.

Ex. crown-of-thorns sea star, sunstar.

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: asteroidea

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: Ophiuroidea

Small body disk; long snake-like armored arms;

most have only five arms;

lack an anus; filter feeders or detritus feeders.

Ex. brittle star, basket star.

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: Ophiuroidea

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: echinoidea

Lack arms; body encased in rigid,

boxlike covering;

covered with spines; most grazing herbivores

or detritus feeders.

ex. sea urchin, sand dollar, sea biscuit.

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: echinoidea

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: holothuroidea

Cylindrical body w/feeding tentacles on one end;

lie on their side; mostly detritus/filter feeders; endoskeleton greatly reduced.

Phylum: echinodermata

Class: holothuroidea