Term
| What are the functions of the eyelid? |
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Definition
-critical for ocular surface health
-protection
-spread and redistribution of the tear film with each blink |
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Term
| What are the functions of the nictitans? |
|
Definition
-important for ocular surface health
-protection
-lacrimal gland produces: half of the aqueous component of the tear film |
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Term
| What produces the lipid tear film on the corneal surface? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What produces the aqueous? |
|
Definition
| -up to half produced by the nictitans lacrimal gland |
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|
Term
| What does the term "trilaminar tear film" mean? |
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Definition
| -tear film = lipid + aqueous + mucin |
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Term
|
Definition
| -normal origination of hairs but they touch the ocular surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| -aberrant hair originates in or adjacent to meibomian gland and exits out meibomian gland opening |
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|
Term
| How do e treat distichiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition: Ectopic cilia |
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Definition
| -aberrant hair originates in or adjacent to meibomian gland and exits out the palpebral conjunctival surface |
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Term
| What do ectopic cilia cause? HOw do we treat them? |
|
Definition
-causes corneal ulceration and pain
-treat with excision of the hair and follicle |
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Term
| What breeds have normal ectropian eyelids? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is surgical correction indicated for ectropions? |
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Definition
| -if it is causing chronic conjunctivitis and/or chronic keratitis due to poor eyelid function and exposure |
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Term
| What clinical signs are seen with entropion? |
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Definition
-tearing and corneal irritation due to eyelid hair touching the eye
-can also cause corneal ulceration and/or chronic pigmentation |
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Term
| At what age must the dog be for surgical correction for entropion? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How do we surgically correct entropion? |
|
Definition
-temporary horizontal or vertical mattress sutures
-temporary staples are less reactive than suture |
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Term
| OUtline a simple entropion surgical correction. |
|
Definition
-first incision should be 3m from lower eyelid margin for maximum eversion, requires less tissue removal helping prevent over-correction
-remove skin, subcutaneous tissue and some muscle
-simple interrupted sutures (5-0 - 6-0 monofilament) starting in center and moving outward |
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Term
| What is the biggest thing to remember with eyelid laceration? |
|
Definition
| -PRESERVE THE EYELID MARGIN |
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Term
| What do we do with an uninfected eyelid laceration? |
|
Definition
| -clean, debride, suture within 24 hours unless infected |
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Term
| What do we do for an infected eyelid laceration? |
|
Definition
| -treat with systemic antibiotics and suture one infection is controlled |
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Term
| What kind of eyelid neoplasia occur in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -benign meibomian gland adenoma |
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|
Term
| What kind of eyelid neoplasia occurs in the feline? |
|
Definition
| -malignant squamous cell carcinoma or fibrosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What kind of eyelid neoplasia occurs in horses? |
|
Definition
| -malignant squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the common neoplasia in the eyelid of a canine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we cure canine meibomian gland adenoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species is affected by chalazions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -blocked meibomian gland duct = swelling of meibomin gland |
|
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Term
| How do we treat a chalazion? |
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Definition
| -place a chalazion clamp => vertical incision on the conjunctival surface => remove inspissated material with a currette => leave open to heal |
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Term
| What are the most common dermatologic disease that affect the eyelids? |
|
Definition
-Demodex
-Systemic mycoses: Cats = histo/crypto & dogs=blasto
-Allergic: atopy, food allergy
-Immune-mediated: pemphigus foliaceus, DLE |
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Term
| What is cherry eye? Who is affected? Why does it happen? |
|
Definition
-prolapsed gland of the nictitans
-young dogs
-due to weakness in the CT anchoring the gland to the periorbital tissue |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat cherry eye? |
|
Definition
-surgical repositioning
-pocket/morgan technique most commonly used |
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|
Term
| What are the two major factors leading to recurrence of cherry eye? |
|
Definition
-higher when land has been out for longer period of time
-higher in bulldogs and Mastiff breeds |
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Term
| What is scrolled T-cartilage? Whch species is affected? Breeds? |
|
Definition
-everted margin of the nictitans due to a bend deformity in the T-cartilage
-dogs
-young large breeds |
|
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Term
| How do we treat scrolled T-cartilage? |
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Definition
| -surgical correction: excise bent fragment of cartilage |
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|
Term
What are the idnications for a nictitans flap in the following animals:
a) FA
b) camelids
c) dogs |
|
Definition
a) corneal ulcers
b) facial nerve paralyss
c) entropion correction when a corneal ulcer is present |
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