Term
Q: What is a dependent clause?
Q: What is an independent clause? |
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Definition
A: Dependent: clause that cannot stand alone
A: Independent: clause can stand alone |
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Term
| Q: How can you tell if a group of words is a phrase or a clause? |
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Definition
| A: A phrase will not have a subject and verb; a clause will always have a subject and verb |
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Term
Q: How can you tell if you have an adverb dependent clause?
Where is it found in the sentence?
How will it begin?
What questions will it answer?
What will it modify? |
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Definition
adverb clause:
Q: Where is it found in the sentence?
A: anywhere, but initial and terminal are most common
Q: How will it begin?
A: with subordinating conjunction
Q: What questions does it answer?
A: When? How? Where? Why?
Q: What does it modify?
A: the verb in the independent clause |
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Term
Q: How can you tell if you have an adjective dependent clause?
Where is it found in the sentence?
How will it begin?
What questions will it answer?
What will it modify? |
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Definition
Adjective clause:
Q: Where is it found in the sentence?
A: mid-sentence or terminal
Q: How will it begin with?
A: relative pronoun or relative adverb
Q: What questions does it answer?
A: What kind? How many? Which one?
Q: What does it modify?
A: a noun in the independent clause |
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Term
Q: Compare & contrast the verbal types:
*participle
*infinitive
*gerund |
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Definition
participle: ends in –ing, ed, d, or other past tense ending; functions as an adjective
infinitive: begins with “to” and then a verb; functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb
gerund: ends in –ing; functions as a noun |
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Term
Q: How are infinitives and prepositional phrases
different and alike? |
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Definition
Alike:
Both infinitive and prepositional phrases begin with “to.”
Different:
Prepositional phrases end with a noun object.
Infinitives phrases are “to” + a verb. |
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Term
Q: Define the following:
*appositive
*simple sentence
*compound sentence
*complex sentence
*compound-complex sentence |
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Definition
appositive: word or phrase that renames a preceding noun in order to give further information
simple sentence: one independent clause
compound sentence: 2 independent clauses
joined with a comma + conjunction or semicolon
complex sentence: 1 independent clause + one or more dependent clauses
compound-complex sentence: 2 independent clauses + 1 or more dependent clauses |
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Term
Q: Contrast passive and active voice.
Q: How can you locate passive constructions in your writing? |
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Definition
active: subject = doer of the action
passive: subject = the receiver of the action; the action is done to the subject
For example:
Jesus paid it all. (active)
It all was paid by Jesus. (passive)
Passive constructions can be found by looking for the be + by set up where the be verb is followed by the doer (stated or implied) and in be helping verb constructions. |
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Term
For the following sentences:
1. identify the clauses and clause types
2. identify the sentence type
3. diagram it
Because it had been a busy day, the child soundly slept. |
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Definition
Because it had been a busy day: dependent initial adverb clause modifying “slept” in the independent clause
the child soundly slept: independent clause
complex sentence |
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Term
| Suddenly a loud noise sounded and awoke the child who cried out in fear for her mother. |
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Definition
Suddenly a loud noise sounded and awoke the child: independent clause
who cried out in fear for her mother: adjective terminal dependent clause modifying child in the independent clause |
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Term
| Sandra, the baby’s mother who was sleeping nearby, got up; she rocked her baby until the child slept again. |
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Definition
Sandra, the baby’s mother, got up: independent clause with appositive phrase
who was sleeping nearby: adjective mid sentence dependent clause modifying mother in the 1st independent clause
she rocked her baby: independent clause
until the child slept again: adverb terminal dependent clause modifying rocked in the 2nd independent clause
compound complex sentence |
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Term
Use the following base sentence to create varied sentences of your own.
The SWAT team captured the criminal.
1. Use “capturing” as a gerund.
2. Use “captured” as a participle.
3. Use “to capture” as a noun.
4. use “to capture” as an adverb.
5. Use “to capture” as an adjective.
6. Write a sentence that contains an appositive.
7. Write a sentence that contains a participial phrase.
8. Write a complex sentence.
9. Write a compound-complex sentence. |
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Definition
These are just some ideas; your answers may vary.
1. Capturing the criminal became the SWAT team’s main priority. (gerund phrase)
2. The criminal captured by the SWAT team seethed with anger.
3. The SWAT team planned to capture the criminal. (hint: “it” test)
4. The SWAT team worked to capture the criminal. (hint: answers “why”—adv question)
5. The SWAT team’s objective to capture the criminal motivated them. (hint: answers “what kind” of objective)
6. The SWAT team, an elite police force, captured the criminal.
7. Capturing the criminal, the SWAT team celebrated.
8. After they had planned carefully, the SWAT team successfully captured the criminal.
9. Even though the criminal carefully hid, the SWAT team planned their moves carefully, and they were able to catch him. |
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Term
Jazz up this boring paragraph of only simple sentences. Label the techniques you use.
Taking a trip together was Archie and Noah’s plan. It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining. The sky was clear. A good time was had by them both.
Options:
Modifying clauses:
Initial, mid-sentence, terminal
Modifying phrases:
Participial, infinitive, appositive, prepositional, gerunds
active rather than passive voice |
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Definition
| To spend time together (infinitive phrase), Archie and Noah, his son (appositive phrase), took an exciting trip to the fair (prepositional phrase). The sun shone in the clear sky since raindrops dared not ruin the beautiful day (terminal adverb clause),. Enjoying each other’s company (participial phrase), they both looked forward to their next outing. (prepositional phrase) all sentences written in active voice |
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