rationalism

Empiricism

analytic

meaning a statement is true by its definition. E.g all red roses are red.

synthetic

A statement which its true value is determined by experience.

posteriori

An argument based on the fact that things can be proven based on experience.

(post-after)

priori

An argument based on reason

Deductive  arguments and reasoning

1. starts with a general statement/hypothesis.
2. it examines the possibilities of reaching a logical conclusion.
3. should link premise with conclusion.
4. if all premises are true, the conclusion reached is necessarily true.

e.g all men are mortal

Harold is a man

therfore Harold is mortal

Inductive arguments and reasoning

1. reasoning that constructs general statements from specific examples.
2. they are based with probability
3. Even if all the premises are true in a statement, the conclusion could be fake
4. the conclusion doesn't logically follow the statements.

e.g almost all people are taller then 26 inches

      Gareth id a person

      Gareth is most certainly taller than 26 inches.