Term
| A new pt comes in to see you and you perform a MMT on the quads. You are out the next day and another PT redoes your MMT only gets 2 grades lower. What are four reasons that can cause the discrepancy? |
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Definition
position not standardized
stabilization of proximal body parts
grading criteria
same examiner |
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Term
| A pt comes in complaining that he has lost arm strength over the past few weeks. He tells you normally he can perform 20 bicep curls, but lately can only perform 10. You do not believe this is a strength issue so what can it be? |
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Definition
| Endurance- ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly over time |
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Term
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Definition
| force exerted by a muscle or group of muscles to overcome resistance in one maximal effort |
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Term
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Definition
| work produced per unit of time |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of muscle to contract repeatedly over time |
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Term
| Two reasons why MMT is performed to examine the capability of a muscle or muscle group |
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Definition
-to function in movement
-to examine it's ability to provide stability and support when other segments may be wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle or muscle group that makes major contributions to the movement at the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle or muscle group that has an opposite action to the prime mover |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle that contracts and works along with the agonist to produce the desired movement |
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Term
| Neutralizing or counteracting synergist |
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Definition
| Muscles that contract to prevent unwanted movements produced by the prime mover |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more muscles that work together to produce the desired movement |
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Term
| Stabilizing or fixating synergist |
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Definition
| Muscles that prevent movement or control movement at joints proximal to the moving joint to provide a stable base |
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Term
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Definition
-Determine relative strength of muscles
-Appreciate effect of muscle length imbalances
-Determine status of peripheral nerve or spinal root functioning
-Differential diagnosis
-Examine patient motivation and ability to follow directions
-Establish baseline
-determine improvement
-modify treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-Extreme pain and edema
-Extreme weakness
-Conditions where MD advises against resistive and/or isometric exercise
-Cardiac conditions - they may hold their breath (Valsalva maneuver)
-Osteoporosis - use short levers
-Limitations in patient's cognitive or emotional status |
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Term
| Possible contraindications to MMT |
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Definition
-Recent unhealed fracture
-Serious muscle, tendon, ligament tear
-Neoplasm (tumor or cancer)
-Pain of unknown etiology
-Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of a vein caused by a blood clot - clear patient before exercise
-Tissue inflammation - won't give an accurate measure of strength |
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Term
| General instructions for MMT (part 1) |
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Definition
-Introduce yourself, explain simply, and demonstrate what you will do
-Have patient perform AROM & observe for substitutions
-Place patient in recommended test position - if they can't perform AROM through full range, reposition patient in gravity-eliminated position
-Expose muscle and joint - some muscles you will palpate through clothing |
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Term
| General instructions for MMT (part 2) |
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Definition
-Optimize your body mechanics and stabilize proximal components as necessary
-Get your body weight behind it - protect your own joints
-Encourage maximum effort and apply graded resistance
-Check patient status
-Record MMT grade |
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Term
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Definition
-After segment has completed it's range, resistance is applied near the distal end of the segment to which the muscle attaches
-Patient is asked to hold and not allow the tester to 'break' the hold with the resistance - "hold without letting go"
-Commonly used because it's more objective than active resistive test -But functional muscle strength and fatigue difficult to assess using this method - only measures strength in one range |
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Term
| Active Resistive/Dynamic Testing |
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Definition
-Graded manual resistance against the direction of movement through the related ROM
-add strength through the range
-harder to do, takes longer, but it's more functional
-Difficult to grade, but may be necessary with certain medical conditions such as unstable angina, acute MI, etc. - need to know how to grade it because most strength is in the midrange
-May be more beneficial to assess endurance and patterns of substitutions |
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Term
| What does a MMT grade of 5 mean? |
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Definition
| Pt cannot break the hold against maximal resistance |
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Term
| What does a MMT grade of 4 mean? |
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Definition
| can tolerate strong resistance;the muscles gives or yields with max resistance |
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Term
| What does a MMT grade of 3 mean? |
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Definition
| completes full ROM against gravity |
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Term
| What does a MMT grade of 2 mean? |
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Definition
| completes full ROM in gravity eliminated position |
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Term
| What does a MMT grade of 1 mean? |
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Definition
| The examiner can detect visually or by palpation some contractile activity, but no movement of the part |
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Term
| What does a MMT grade of 0 mean? |
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Definition
| muscle is completely quiet |
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Term
| What are 4 ways a PT can improve reliability scores in a MMT test? |
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Definition
1)Standardize position
2)Stabilization of proximal body parts
3)Using grading criteria
4)Use same examiner |
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Term
| Besides the MMT test, what are two other methods of measuring strength? |
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Definition
1)Hand-held dynamometry
2)Isokinetic dynamometry |
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Term
| As a future physical therapist, what is one thing you can do when you find muscle weakness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| From muscles remaining in an elongated condition, however slight beyond the neutral physiological rest position but not beyond normal range of muscle length |
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Term
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Definition
| From 2-joint or multi-joint muscles, weakness results from repetitive or habitual positions that elongate the muscles beyond the normal range of muscle length |
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Term
| What is an intervention if you don't use a particular muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an intervention if you fatigue/overwork a muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an intervention if you stretch/strain a muscle? |
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Definition
| Relieve the stretch or strain prior to exercise |
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Term
| A pt comes in to see a physical therapist. When told to do a certain movement, the pt is unable to do so. As a result, the therapist puts the pt in a gravity eliminated position and the pt is able to complete full ROM. What score would you give the pt against the MMT grading scale? |
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Definition
| 2(poor): Completes full ROM in gravity eliminated position |
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