Term
What are the NCSU password recommendations?
(3) |
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Definition
1) At least 1 special character
2) At least 1 capital letter
3) At least 1 lowercase letter |
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Term
What are the NCSU password requirements?
(8) |
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Definition
1) Must be 8 characters long
2) Must be less than 127 characters
3&4) Not contain Unity ID (forewards or backwards)
5) Must contain a number
6) Must contain a letter
7) It cannot be a word
8) It cannot have 5 consecutive numbers |
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Term
What are the NCSU Campus Computing Resources?
(9) |
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Definition
1) AFS space (350Mb)
2) Nightly backups
3) Email/Personal Webpages
4) Wired/Wireless Internet
5) Computer labs
6) Free access to subsciption resources
7) Network printing
8) Help desks/remote access support
9) Access during summer and after graduation for 4 months |
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Term
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Definition
~Used to log into campus webpages, labs, and other computing resources along with email.
~All lowercase, first and middle initial, with the first 6 characters of the last name. |
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Term
| What are the 3 special rules for assigning Unity IDs? |
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Definition
1) Common Names: replace last letter of last name with a number
2) No Middle Name: skip middle initial
3) Short Names: the Unity ID is shorter than most |
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Term
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Definition
| A number assigned to students, 9 digits long, habitually beginning with zeros. |
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Term
What are the fields of a email?
(4) |
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Definition
To: this is the recipient of the email
CC: carbon copy recipients
BCC: blind carbon copy recipients (they cannot see or be seen by To: or CC: recipients)
Subject: Title of email |
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Term
What are the rules for the appropriate use of emails?
(4) |
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Definition
1) Use a single email for personal use
2) Use NCSU email for academic/business use
3) Subject lines should ALWAYS be relevant
4) Avoid phishing emails |
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Term
What are the costs of NCSU Campus Printing?
(grayscale/color) |
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Definition
Grayscale: 6 cents per page
Color: 25 cents per page |
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Term
How do you use Campus Printing?
(5 steps) |
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Definition
1) go to print.ncsu.edu
2) choose "print a file"
3) select the file you want to print
4) select a nearby printer
5) choose "print" |
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Term
Campus Printing is only limited to what kind of files?
(3) |
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Definition
.ps
.pdf
&
.txt
files only |
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Term
How do you use "Campus Submitting"?
(Moodle)
(4) |
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Definition
1) Choose course
2) Choose assignment
3) Choose your file
4) Choose "upload" |
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Term
What is the file system hierarchy?
(4) |
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Definition
Highest: the Root (center of all files)
Higher: a Parent (has files under/in it)
Lower: a Child (it is in a file/has a Parent file)
Lowest: a Node/Leaf (a file with no Child files in/under it)
{A single file can fit more than one criteria. A Root can be a Parent, a Parent can be a Child, a Child can be a Parent or a Node/Leaf, etc.} |
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Term
What is the AFS file tree?
(You must memorize this in order to navigate it) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an absolute pathname? |
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Definition
| A pathname that uses no "shortcuts," like /afs/eos.ncsu.edu/courses/e/e115 |
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Term
What are the relative pathname "shortcuts"?
(3) |
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Definition
~/ This is you home directory
.. This is the Parent of your current file (file above your current one)
. This is your current directory/file |
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Term
What is your home directory?
(both absolute and relative) |
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Definition
~/
or
/afs/unity.ncsu.edu/users/(first letter of your first name)/(your Unity ID) |
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Term
How do you get to the E 115 course locker?
(absolute) |
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Definition
| /afs/eos.ncsu.edu/courses/e/e115 |
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Term
How do you use:
PuTTy? (Windows)
SSH in Terminal? (Mac/Linux) |
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Definition
PuTTy:
remote-linux.eos.ncsu.edu
SSH:
ssh -X userID@remote-linux.eos.ncsu.edu |
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Term
| What is the basic setup of a Unix command? |
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Definition
| eos% command -options targetfile filedestination |
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Term
| How do you create a log in the terminal? |
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Definition
Use the script command:
script -options nameoflogfile.txt |
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Term
| How do you chain two terminal commands together? |
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Definition
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Term
What quick navigation keyboard buttons can you use in the terminal?
(3) |
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Definition
Up Arrow
Down Arrow
TAB key |
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Term
| What command gives you a detailed description of a terminal command? |
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Definition
The man (manual) command:
man nameofcommand |
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Term
| What command tells you where you are located? |
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Definition
The pwd (print working directory) command:
pwd |
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Term
| What command allows you to move from your current location? |
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Definition
The cd (change directory) command:
cd destinationfile |
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Term
| What command tells you the contents of a file? |
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Definition
The ls (list) command:
ls -options fileyouwantlisted
If you don't put the file you want listed, it will automatically list the contents of your current directory
Options include: l (long format) and a (all files) |
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Term
| What command creates a new file/directory? |
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Definition
The mkdir (make directory) command:
mkdir newfilename |
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Term
| What command copies a file/directory? |
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Definition
The cp (copy) command:
cp -options fileyouwanttocopy newfilename&location
Options include: r (to copy everything) |
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Term
| What command allows you to move and/or rename files? |
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Definition
The mv (move) command:
mv -options locationoffile whereyouwanttomoveit&newname
Options include: r (when moving an entire directory) |
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Term
| What is the command to delete files? |
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Definition
The rm (remove) command:
rm -options file/directoryname
Options include: r (to remove entire directory) and f (to force, it will not ask you if you are sure) |
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Term
What command lets you read files inside the terminal?
(2) |
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Definition
The more (simple) command:
more filename.txt
The less (complicated) command:
less filename.txt |
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Term
| What command zips files and directories? |
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Definition
The zip command:
zip -options nameofnewzipfile.zip file1 file2 file3 ...
Options include: r (for entire directory) |
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Term
| What command tells you how much space you have? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What command allows you to make a shortcut to a directory? |
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Definition
The attach command:
attach directoryname
The shortcut is now /ncsu/directoryname |
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Term
| What command runs programs? |
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Definition
The add command:
add programname |
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Term
What command changes the ACL rights?
(Set access and view current access) |
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Definition
The fs sa (set access) command:
fs sa directory user permissions
The fs la (list access) command:
fs la directory user
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Term
What permissions (ACL rights) are there?
(7 + 2 special) |
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Definition
r read
l look
i insert
d delete
w write
k lock
a administration
all
none |
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Term
| How do you access backups? |
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Definition
You mount to access:
fs mkm BACKUP users.yourUnityID.backup
Then once you are done you un-mount access:
fs rmm BACKUP |
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Term
*final exam only*
Explain the Clinent/Server relationship |
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Definition
A client (ex: your pc) goes to a server (ex: a website) to access and gain information
Note: Sometimes a server can also be a client and act as a "middle man" between its client and its server |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a hub? |
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Definition
A hub is a centeral piece of hardware in a computer network to connect multiple devices (like computers)
Disadvantage: A hub cannot distinguish its recipients. It broadcasts everything to all of its connected devices. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a switch? |
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Definition
| A switch is a piece of hardware that connects multiple devices (like compuers), but it is able to distinguish the devices and send/recieve data to/from a single device. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a router? |
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Definition
A router is a piece of hardware that connects networks and dictates how data moves between them.
NAT routers have thier own addresses for a group of computers instead of each individual computer having their own address. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a firewall? |
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Definition
| A firewall is a piece of hard/software that blocks items based on a set of rules. |
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Term
*final exams only*
What kind of "mediums" exist for computer connections? |
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Definition
There are wired and wireless mediums.
Wired connections include: twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables.
Wireless connections include: 802.11a,b,g,n |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are the three kind of networks? |
|
Definition
(V)LAN: Local Area Network
(V: what NCSU uses)
WAN: Wide Area Network
MAN: Metropolitan Area Network |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a Star Network? |
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Definition
A network where devices are all connected to a concentrator in the center.
Disadvantage: If the concentrator fails, the entire network fails. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a Tree Network? |
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Definition
A tree network is a bunch of connected star networks. Concentrators are connected in a hierarchy manner.
Disadvantage: If a concentrator fails or is disconnected, all devices under it fail or are disconnected. As long as there is a concentrator connecting computers, they can still communicate with each other, even when disconnected from the larger tree network. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a Bus Network? |
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Definition
A bus network is a single line (bus) connecting all devices. It is cheap and simple to use.
Disadvantage: only one set of data can move across the bus at any one time (collisions will occur otherwise), the bus network will slow quickly as more devices are added, if the bus fails everything fails, and troubleshooting is extremely difficult. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a ring network? |
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Definition
A ring network is a network in which all devices are connected to a ring so that each device will have two neighboring devices. There is no dominating device in this network.
Disadvantage: If one device in a ring network fails, then other devices will usually begin to experience problems or fail as well. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is SSH? |
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Definition
| SSH stands for secure shell. It allows you to log into a computer on the network from another computer. It protects against many types of attacks, but does not protect against malicious remotes (the computer being used) or the recipient computer. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is X Protocol? |
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Definition
| X Protocol is for the display and management of graphics using a client-server model. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is Remote Desktop Protocol?
(RDP) |
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Definition
| RDP is an application that allows you to access any resources from any machine running Microsoft Terminal Services. |
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Term
*final exam only*
In binary values, what are the values of the eight base-2 numbers?
(knowing this will make conversions quicker and easier) |
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Definition
20 = 1
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128
28 = 256 |
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Term
*final exam only*
How do you convert a decimal number to a binary one? |
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Definition
| Add the base-2 values from left to right (largest to smallest) for every value that does not go over the value of the decimal number. For every base-2 number used to sum to your decimal number, that is given a 1. For every value not used, that is given a 0. The series of 1's and 0's is your binary number. |
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Term
*final exam only*
How do you convert a binary number to a decimal number? |
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Definition
| Match each 0 and 1 value to the base-2 values (left to right = larger to smaller). Multiply each 1 or 0 value with its base-2 value and then add the results. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a processor? |
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Definition
| A processor (CPU = central processing unit) solves arethmatic and logic equations. They can be 64bit or 32bit, their power is measured in GHz (gigahertz), and computers can have multiple processors. |
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Term
*final exam only*
Can processors multitask? |
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Definition
| A single processor can create two "virtual processors" compute multiple equations at once, but in reality no processor can truly multitask. |
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Term
*final exam only*
When does having a computer with multiple processors help? |
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Definition
When running multiple programs at once or when running a program made for multi-processor computers.
It does not help when running a single program. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What does a video processor do? |
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Definition
| A processor purely tasked towards graphical output. Normally, these processors have their own memory source. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are the two types of memory and what does each kind of memory store? |
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Definition
ROM (Read Only Memory): This stores information that will not be lost when the computer is shut off, such as the BIOS.
RAM (Random Access Memory): This stores memory for quick access to help run programs and this memory is erased when the computer is turned off. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is your hard drive for? |
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Definition
| It is to store your applications (like your operating system) and your files. |
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Term
*final exam only*
How is information written to a hard drive? |
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Definition
| A hard drive has a dual sided platter and a read/write head for each side. The heads make ridges in the platter to store information and read the ridges to access the information. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is Data Rate and Seek Time? |
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Definition
Data Rate: the bytes per second the hard drive sends to the CPU.
Seek Time: How long it takes for the hard drive to send the first data byte after the command is given. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are tracks and sectors on a hard drive? |
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Definition
The platter is a circle without a center.
Tracks are donut-esque rings that together make up the entire circle of the platter.
Sectors are sections of tracks. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are removable disks? |
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Definition
Removable disks are external forms of storage (not your hard drive).
Examples include: CDs and DVDs (-ROM or -RW), Floppy disks, external hard drives, and USB drives. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are some kinds of I/O ports and devices?
(12) |
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Definition
Power:
For power supply (through outlet)
Parallel (DB-25):
Used for printers and scanners
Serial (DB-9):
Outdated port for mice/joysticks/etc.
PS/2:
For mice and keyboards (IBM)
USB:
For all kinds of devices
Firewire (IEEE 1394):
For all kinds of devices (Mac)
Network/Ethernet (RJ-45):
For networking
Modem (RJ-11):
Old network ports
Sound:
Ports specifically for audio
VGA (HD-15):
For graphical display
DVI:
Newer port for graphical display
HDMI:
High-quality graphical display port |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are expansion slots for? |
|
Definition
| Expansion slots in the motherboards hold expansion cards to add functions like video, sound, and networking. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a system bus? |
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Definition
| The system bus connects the processor to the RAM, to the hard drive, to the video processor, to the I/O drives, and to all the other components of your computer. There is the data bus that allows the data to flow back-and-forth between devices. There is the address bus which tells devices where the data, that is flowing on the data bus, should go or is coming from. Finally there is the control bus which coordinates activity between various devices to prevent collisions. Collisions is a term used to identify corruption of data resulting from simultaneous use of the data and/or address bus. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a kernel?
|
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Definition
| The kernel is the "innermost" piece of the operating system. It is a program that sits between the user interface and the hardware, and manages many tasks that happen within the computer. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a user interface? |
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Definition
| A user interface is the system between the user and the computer. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What are the three major types of user interfaces? |
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Definition
CLI (Command Line Interface): uses simple commands (like a terminal) to use the computer.
GUI (Graphical User Interface): uses a whole organized graphical display for easy use.
TUI (Text User Interface): uses display text but mouse/click imput for use. |
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Term
*final exam only*
What is a device driver? |
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Definition
| Device drivers contain precise instructions on how to make the hardware perform a function requested by the operating system. It translates the OS command into a command the hardware can understand. |
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