Term
| Flaccid Dysarthria - anatomy & physiology |
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Definition
- Single muscles affected as a result of single or multiple cranial nerve damage
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Term
Flaccid dysarthria - pathology |
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Definition
- reduced muscle tone
- fasciculations
- atrophy
- reduced or absent reflexes
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Term
| Flaccid Dysarthria - Respiration |
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Definition
- short phrases
- reduced loudness
- weak pressure consonants
- speak beyond breath stream
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Term
| Flaccid Dysarthria - Phonation |
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Definition
- Diplophonia
- Harshness
- Stridor
- Reduced loudness
- Breathiness
- Monopitch/monoloudness
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Term
| Flaccid dysarthria - Resonance/Articulation |
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Definition
- Hypernasality
- Nasal emission
- Imprecise consonants
- Short phrases
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Term
| Spastic Dysarthria - anatomy & physiology |
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Definition
- Affects muscle groups and movement patterns
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Term
| Spastic dysarthria - pathology |
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Definition
- increased muscle tone
- limited range of motion
- weakness/paralysis
- hyperactive reflex
- pseudobulbar affect
- slow movements
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Term
| Spastic dysarthria - speech characteristics |
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Definition
- Slow, effortful
- Monopitch, monoloudness
- Harsh
- Reduced stress pattern
- Mild consonant distortions
- Slow regular AMRs
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Term
| Spastic Dysarthria - Respiration |
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Definition
- Rapid breathing
- Difficulty taking deep breath and controlling prolonged exhale
- Antagonist diaphragm motion
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Term
| Spastic dysarthria - phonation |
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Definition
- Harsh, low pitch
- Strain, strangled
- Terminal grunt
- Pitch breaks
- Short phrases
- Breathy
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Term
| Spastic dysarthria - resonance/articulation |
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Definition
- Imprecise consonants
- Distorted vowels
- Slow rate
- Hypernasality
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Term
| Ataxic - anatomy & physiology |
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Definition
- Cerebellar control circuit
- Affects force, range, speech, timing, direction of movement.
- Intergration of muscles within group and tone.
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Term
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Definition
- Reduced muscle tone
- Inaccurate, slow movement
- Irregular AMRs
- Reflexes preserved
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Term
| Ataxic - speech characteristics |
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Definition
- Slow, drawling, slurred
- Labored, forced, irregular
- Excess/equal stress, staccato
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Term
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Definition
- Irregular pattern of respiration
- Excess loudness variation
- Exaggerated movement of respiration
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Term
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Definition
- Pitch breaks
- Low or increased pitch
- Strain, strangled, tremor
- Excess loudness variation
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Term
| Ataxic - resonance/articulation |
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Definition
- Imprecise consonants
- Distorted vowels
- Irregular articulation breakdowns
- Phoneme prolongations
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Term
| Hypokinetic - anatomy & physiology |
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Definition
- Extrapyramidal, basal ganglia
- Affects posture, tone & associated movements for locomotion.
- Reduced automaticity of skilled voluntary movements.
- Reduced control of complex movements
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Term
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Definition
- Parkinsons Disease
- Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
- Resting tremor, akinesia, regidity, reduced postural reflexes
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Term
| Hypokinetic - speech characteristics |
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Definition
- Rapid AMRs
- Short rushes of speech
- Reduced loudness, mobility
- Monopitch, monoloudness
- Possible palilalia
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Term
| Hypokinetic - respiration |
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Definition
- Irregular breath cycles vegetative & speech breathing
- Shallow breathing
- Inflexibility in breathing pattern
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Term
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Definition
- Loudness decay
- Reduced pitch range
- Breathiness, glottal fry
- Diplophonia
- De-voice portion of syllable nucleus
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Term
| Hypokinetic - resonance/articulation |
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Definition
- Reduced ROM, force, intelligibility
- Increase speaking rate
- Short, rapid runs of speech
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Term
| Hyperkinetic - anatomy & physiology |
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Definition
- Extrapyramidal/basal ganglia
- Affects regulation of postural tone
- Reduced automaticity of skilled voluntary movements
- Reduced control of complex movements
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Term
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Definition
- Excess movement, especially random, involuntary
- Choreiform - quick
- Dystonic - slow
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Term
| Hyperkinetic - speech characteristics |
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Definition
- Variable rate
- Irregular articulation & imprecision
- Inappropriate silences, prolong intervals, phonemes
- Variable stress
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Term
| Hyperkinetic - respiration |
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Definition
- Forced inspiration, expiration
- Transient breathiness
- Excess loudness
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Term
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Definition
- Voice stoppage
- Strain, strangled
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Term
| Hyperkinetic - resonance/articulation |
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Definition
- Hypernasality
- Slow, irregular AMRs
- Irregular breakdowns
- Distortions
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