Term
|
Definition
| pattern of deferential relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all systems move toward disorder/disorganization, caused by lack of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keeps systems from coming totally disorganized; capacity for power or action to affect change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the family system must be organized in order to maintain itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| situations leading to dysfunction: 1) goals of one or more members are in opposition to goals of system. 2) elements of organization are disrupted/unclear 3) available energy is not sufficient for demands in system 4) family is not adequately organized to obtain energy from outside sources 5) pressures from outside exercise a disorganizing influence on the family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular loop that brings some of the system's output back as input; two types: negative and positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deviation dampening - homeostasis; in response to an event, no change is made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deviation amplifying (morphostasis); in response to an event, behavior changes to modify that event or action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| border that exists b/w system and environment that affects the flow info and energy b/w environment and system; dilineate elements belonging to system and those belonging to environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high energy, high entropy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflect "oughts" and "Shoulds" in the family; explicit rules are spoken; implicit rules are implied and assumed but not spoken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the need of healthy families to change in response to changes within or in response to external stressors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of family members to cooperate to restore equilibrium which reduces tension in the family; maintained through feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different families react similarly to the same experience or achieve similar outcomes by very different processes (ie - death in the family) |
|
|
Term
| Circumplex Model - Cohesion |
|
Definition
| cohesion is emotional bonding family members have towards one another (low, or enmeshed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disengaged, emotionally distant, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extreme emotional closeness and loyalty; members are very dependent on one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of marital/family system to change power structure, role relationships and relationship rules in response to situational and developmental stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capable to make change; chaotic due to constant changes and no pattern exists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly controlling, rules do not change, strictly defined roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what a family stands for; who are we? what do we do about it? how do we invest our energies? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| members, their attributes, and relationships |
|
|
Term
| **conflict arises from... |
|
Definition
| a lack of resources and people are competitive to get what they want. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people with resources more likely to match up with other people with resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conflicts make families more cohesive through resolution of conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conflict b/w parents and teens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conflict is part of every relationship; helped researchers generate ways to classify conflicts in families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some people have more power and higher status than others |
|
|
Term
| superordinate/subordinate |
|
Definition
| people with more power/people with less power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that which is shown to the outside world; image a family portrays |
|
|
Term
| informal social structure |
|
Definition
| that which really occurs in a system |
|
|
Term
| assumptions of conflict theory |
|
Definition
| *confict and competition are normal, natural and inevitable *families can become stronger thru resolving it *absence of conflict disables ability to predict relationship stability *person w/ most resources reveals less info than the one w/ less resources *hierarchy exists due to unequal distribution *humans are self-oriented *human societies operate under conditions of perpetual scarcity *continuous confrontation is necessary for growth and social change |
|
|
Term
| **General propositions of social exchange theory |
|
Definition
| *sees interaction b/w ppl as a function of what each person receives from the relationship *humans avoid costly behavior and seek rewarding statuses, relationships, etc *in seeking rewards, humans voluntarily accept some costs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that meets a person's needs, pleasures, satisfactions, and gratifications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| investment, direct, and opportunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiem/effort people devote to acquisition of skills that will enable them to reward others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resources given to another in exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewards available in other exchanges that are foregone as a result of participating in a particular relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewards minus costs; people will choose relationships that result in the greatest profits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| standard persons use to evaluate rewards and costs of given relationship in terms of what they think they deserve in a relationship; may change over time. |
|
|
Term
| comparison level of alternatives |
|
Definition
| lowest level of an outcome a person will accept in light of alternative opportunities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diminished marginal costs; the more of something one has recently received, the less each additional unit is worth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased marginal costs; the more often a person has recently performed a costly activity, the more costly are further such activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewards for staying + costs of leaving foregone by staying / rewards for leaving - rewards for staying foregone by leaving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rewards should be proportional to costs and profits should be proportional to investments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people should help those who help them |
|
|
Term
| principle of least interest |
|
Definition
| the person who cares least about the relationship has the most power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -increase own attractiveness-minimize rewards the other is giving you-minimize hurt the other party is giving you-exaggerate/escalate hurt the other party is giving you-build value of your behavior to other; promote yourself |
|
|
Term
| Major assumptions of social exchange theory |
|
Definition
| *humans are rational beings- will make choices to achieve greatest profit *humans are actors as well as reactors *ppl must encounter costs to get rewards *social behavior wont be repeated unless it is rewarded *if no profitable alt. is available, one promising least unprofitable will be selected *social life requires quid pro quo *it is rewarding to inflict costs on those who deliberatly hurt us *indviduals vary in the value they place on specific objects/positions |
|
|
