Term
| 1. Neutrophils are _____ leukocytes. |
|
Definition
| POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMN’S) |
|
|
Term
| 2. _____ make up 60-70% of all circulating leukocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. Neutrophils originate in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. Neutrophils are able to circulate in the blood for _____ hours. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. Neutrophils actively _____ and _____ to injured tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. Neutrophils survive approximately _____ hours at the site of injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. 2 major functions of neutrophils. |
|
Definition
| 1) RELEASE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, 2) PHAGOCYTIC ROLE |
|
|
Term
| 8. _____ make up 2-5% of all circulating leukocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. The cytoplasm of eosinophils stains _____ with H&E. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. 3 conditions in which one will find eosinophils. |
|
Definition
| 1) ALLERGIC REACTIONS, 2) PARASITIC INFECTIONS, 3) HODGKIN’S DISEASE |
|
|
Term
| 11. The granules of eosinophils contain _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. _____ make up 1% of all circulating leukocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 13. Basophils are involved in _____ reactions. |
|
Definition
| TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| 14. Basophils are important in that they release _____ and _____ as well as a variety of other inflammatory mediators. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. 5 cells of the immune system. |
|
Definition
| 1) T-LYMPHOCYTES, 2) B-LYMPHOCYTES, 3) MACROPHAGES, 4) DENDRITIC CELLS, 5) NATURAL KILLER CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 16. _____ make up 20-30% of all circulating leukocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 17. The 2 populations of lymphocytes are _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| T-LYMPHOCYTES AND B-LYMPHOCYTES |
|
|
Term
| 18. _____ are tissue basophils that contain histamine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. 5 functions of mast cells. |
|
Definition
| 1) TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS, 2) SYNTHESIZE AA, 3) SYNTHESIZE METABOLITES, 4) SYNTHESIZE CYTOKINES, 5) SYNTHESIZE PAF |
|
|
Term
| 20. _____ are 60-70 of all circulating lymphocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 21. _____ are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22. _____ t-lymphocytes are helper/inducer t cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 23. CD4+ T-cells activate these 3 cell types. |
|
Definition
| 1) MACROPHAGES, 3) CD8 T-CELLS, 3) B-CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 24. 3 characteristics of T-lymphocytes. |
|
Definition
| 1) MASTER CELLS, 2) SECRETE CYTOKINES, 3) INFCTED BY AIDS |
|
|
Term
| 25. _____ are cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 26. 2 functions of CD8 T-cells. |
|
Definition
| 1) SECRETE CYTOKINES, 2) CAUSE CELL LYSIS, 3) INHIBIT CD4 T CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 27. Immature T-lymphocytes mature in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 28. _____lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 29. Antigen stimulated B cells are _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| PLASMA CELLS AND B MEMORY CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 30. _____ are the parent cells to both B memory and plasma cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 31. _____ cells are responsible for synthesizing antibodies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 32. When complement proteins bind to antibodies which are bound to antigens, these 4 things happen to get rid of the antigen. |
|
Definition
| 1) VASODILATION, 2) INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABLITY, 3) CHEMOTAXIS, 4) PHAGOCYTOSIS |
|
|
Term
| 33. These are the 5 antibodies found in the body. |
|
Definition
| 1) IGG, 2) IG2, 3) IGD, 4) IGM, 5) IGA |
|
|
Term
| 34. _____ are the antibodies found in the nose, respiratory tract, digestive tract, ears, eyes, and vagina that plays an important role in neutralizing dietary antigens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 35. IgA plays a role in this childhood condition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 36. _____ is a renal disease of immune origin caused by IgA antibodies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 37. _____%of all antibodies usually present in the body are IgA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38. _____ are the smallest but most abundant antibodies found in all body fluids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 39. IgG is considered the most important antibodies for fighting _____ and _____ infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 40. _____ is the only antibody that can cross the placenta, thereby conferring immunity to the fetus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 41. When the baby receive the IgG antibodies from the mother, the baby gains _____ immunity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. _____ is the antibody formed by 10 IgG antibodies forming together. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. _____ is the largest antibody of them all. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 44. The IgM antibody is found in _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. _____ is the initial antibody produced in response to infection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 46. _____ is a cancer affecting B-cells that interferes with the production of red blood cells resulting in anemia. In this condition the B-cells produce excess amounts of IgM thickening the blood. |
|
Definition
| WALDENSTOM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA |
|
|
Term
| 47. This antibody is found in small amounts in the tissues that line cavities inside the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 48. IgD may play a role in allergic reactions to some substances such as _____, _____ and _____, but their overall function is not well understood. |
|
Definition
| MILK, MEDICATIONS, POISONS |
|
|
Term
| 49. IgE antibodies are found in the _____, _____ and _____. SKIN, LUNGS AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES |
|
Definition
| SKIN, LUNGS AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES |
|
|
Term
| 50. This antibody helps protect the body against foreign substances such as pollen, fungus spores, and animal dander. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 51. Serum IgE antibody levels are often elevated in people with _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 52. _____ are the key players in the later stage of acute and all stages of chronic inflammation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 53. Macrophages are activated by _____. CYTOKINES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 54. Macrophages are actively _____ cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 55. 5 special types of macrophages. |
|
Definition
| 1) KUPFFER CELL, 2) ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES, 3) HISTIOCYTE, 4) MICROGLEAL CELL, 5) OSTEOCLASTS |
|
|
Term
| 56. Kupffer cells are macrophages that are found in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 57. Histiocytes are macrophages found in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 58. Macrophages are responsible for releasing these 5 inflammatory mediators. |
|
Definition
| 1) PAF, 2) LEUKOTRIENES, 3) PROSTAGLANDINS, 4) CYTOKINES, 5) LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES |
|
|
Term
| 59. Macrophages are involved in both _____ and _____ immunity. |
|
Definition
| CELL MEDIATED AND HUMORAL MEDIATED |
|
|
Term
| 60. _____ cells have fine finger like cytoplasmic processes that act as antigen presenting cells responsible for initiating the primary immune response against protein antigens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 61. 3 places dendritic cells can be found. |
|
Definition
| 1) TISSUE INTERSTITIUM, 2) EPITHELIUM, 3) LYMPH NODES |
|
|
Term
| 62. _____ are immature dendritic cells in the tissue interstitum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 63. _____ are dendritic cells found in lymph nodes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 64. Langerhans cells migrate to T-cell zones of lymphoid organs to present antigens to _____ in the _____. |
|
Definition
| CD4 T-CELLS; INNATE RESPONSE |
|
|
Term
| 65. Follicular dendritic cells bear opsonins and trap antigens for _____ presentation in the _____. |
|
Definition
| B-CELL PRESENTATION; HUMORAL RESPONSE |
|
|
Term
| 66. _____ are unique immune cells which are lymphocytes without CD4 or CD8 molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 67. Natural killer cells recognize self vs. non-self antigens via _____ receptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 68. _____ have an innate ability to destroy tumor cells and virally infected cells without prior sensitization. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 69. Natural killer cells are considered to be part of the innate immune system, and act as the 1st line defense against some _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 70. Natural killer cells have the ability to lyse _____ and _____ target cells during antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
|
Definition
| IGG-COATED AND COMPLEMENT COATED |
|
|
Term
| 71. _____ are short-acting peptides that are the major messenger class of molecules in the immune system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 72. Cytokines are produced by both _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| T LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES |
|
|
Term
| 73. Many cytokines are termed _____, because they mediate communication between leukocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 74. The release of cytokines causes these 5 effects in the body. |
|
Definition
| 1) MEDIATE THE INNATE IMMUNITY RESPONSE, 2) MEDIATE THE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY RESPONSE, 3) REGULATE LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION, 4) RECRUIT INFLAMMATORY CELLS TO THE SITE OF INJURY, 5) STIMULATE HEAMTOPOIESIS AND MEDIATE ACUTE-PHASE SYSTEMIC REACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| 75. _____ are the cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells to the site of injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 76. _____ are glycoprotein antigens presented on the surface of all cells which represent _____. |
|
Definition
| HISTOCOMPATIBILITY MOLECULES; HLA’S |
|
|
Term
| 77. _____ immunity is non-specific and lacks memory. It does not require prior exposure to the offending antigen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 78. 4 cell types involved in natural immunity. |
|
Definition
| 1) NEUTROPHILS, 2) MACROPHAGES, 3) DENDRITIC CELLS, 4) NK CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 79. _____ immunity is a specific response to a specific antigen that requires a sensitizing exposure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 80. Acquired immunity response is magnified by _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 81. 3 cell types involved in acquired immunity. |
|
Definition
| 1) B LYMPHOCYTES, 2) T LYMPHOCYTES, 3) MACROPHAGES |
|
|
Term
| 82. _____ is immunity passed from the mother to the fetus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 83. The 2 antibodies involved in passive immunity are _____and _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 84. _____ are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 85. _____ is the main antibody involved in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 86. In the allergic type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, initial exposure to the antigen causes _____ to bind to _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 87. In type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, subsequent exposure to allergy antigens binds to IgE and causes _____. |
|
Definition
| DEGRANULATION OF MAST CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 88. The degranulation of mast cells causes the release of these 6 things. |
|
Definition
| 1) HISTAMINE, 2) LEUKOTRIENES, 3) EOSINOPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR, 4) ENZYMES, 5) CYTOKINES, 6) PAF |
|
|
Term
| 89. 3 main things that happen in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
Definition
| 1) INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY, 2) INCREASED VASODILATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, 3) INCREASED BRONCHIAL AIRWAY CONSTRICTION |
|
|
Term
| 90. If one has a severe type 1 hypersensitivity reaction they go into _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 91. When one has anaphylactic shock, we give them a catecholamine stick to cause _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 92. In _____ antibodies are produced against foreign antigens. |
|
Definition
| TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| 93. In type 2 hypersensitivity reactions, the binding of antigens to antibodies trigger _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION AND TISSUE DAMAGE |
|
|
Term
| 94. _____ and _____ are the 2 antibodies produced in type 2 hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 95. Type 2 hypersensitivty reactions cause these 3 things to occur in the tissue. |
|
Definition
| 1) INFILTRATION OF WBC’S, 2) OPSONIZATION, 3) LYSIS |
|
|
Term
| 96. _____ is an example of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 97. Some type 2 hypersensitivity reactions do not lead to inflammation or cell death, but can alter normal physiology such as _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| GRAVES DISEASE AND MYASTHENIA GRAVIS |
|
|
Term
| 98. _____ is a reaction in which antibodies are formed against circulating antigens and the antibody/antigen complexes are deposited in tissues. |
|
Definition
| TYPE 3 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| 99. 4 examples of type 3 hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
Definition
| 1) SLE, 2) VASCULAR DISEASE, 3) GLOMEULONEPHRITIS, 4) ARTHRITIS |
|
|
Term
| 100. _____ are delayed hypersensitivity antigen elicited immune reactions that does not require antibodies. |
|
Definition
| TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| 101. In type 4 hypersensitivity reactions, foreign antigens elicit cytokine release by _____, which case _____ and _____ activation. |
|
Definition
| T HELPER CELLS; MACROPHAGE AND LYMPHOCYTE |
|
|
Term
| 102. Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction occur _____ hours after exposure to antigens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 103. 2 Examples of type 4 hypersensitivity reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
