Term
| What makes mycobacterium tuberculosis acid fast? |
|
Definition
the waxy lipids in the cell walls and retain carbolfuchsin after rinse with acid alcohol
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|
|
Term
T/F
mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tissue damage from the immune response to the organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of immune responce does mycobacterium tuberculosis illicit? |
|
Definition
cell mediated
delayed hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What is the first cell that TB enters? |
|
Definition
alveolar macrophages
can go to the blood stream |
|
|
Term
| What happens from the immune responce for TB? |
|
Definition
caseous necrosis
Th1 activates macrophages by IFNy giving phagolysosome |
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic morphology of TB? |
|
Definition
| Ghon lesion located in the distal part of the lower upper lobe or upper lower lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lung lesion plus involvement of the hilar lymph node
primary TB |
|
|
Term
| What kind a person does primary and secondary TB show in? |
|
Definition
primary-unsensitized
secondary-sensitized |
|
|
Term
| Where in the lung does secondary TB usually spread? |
|
Definition
| apex of the upper lobes with cavitiy lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing up blood or blood stained sputum |
|
|
Term
| Does a chest X-ray alone diagnose TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you do a sputum examination? |
|
Definition
| take three sputum specimens and culture, aspirate if necessary, look for acid fast bacilli |
|
|
Term
| Can TB spread to the liver, BM, adrenals, spleen, meninges, kidneys, fallopian tubes, epididymus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isolated organ involvement of the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extra-pulmonary disease in the cervical lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Fish tank granuloma is caused by? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium marinum
causes localized skin lesions |
|
|
Term
| What mycobacteria is the most common atypical one that causes systemic disease? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
VERY PROGRESSIVE IN IMMUNE COMPROMISED |
|
|
Term
| Chronic granulomatous pulmonary disease is caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mycobacterium causes infections due to trauma/iatrogenic infections and causes pyogenic inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mycobacterium's hallmark is numerous acid-fast bacilli in macrophages and not well formed granulommas? |
|
Definition
M. avium
M. intracellulare |
|
|
Term
| Which mycobacterium can be seen b/c of a yellow pigment when exposed to light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
leprosy affects skin and peripheral nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two patterns of leprosy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of tuberculoid leprosy? |
|
Definition
less severe skin lesions
asymmetric nerve lesions (peripheral)
granulomas with low bacilli
strong TH1 responce |
|
|
Term
| What are some clinical presentations of leprosy? |
|
Definition
can't feel
no eyebrows
thick of lumpy earlobes
thick nerves
ulcers on feet
deformed hands or feet |
|
|
Term
What are the characteristics of lepromatous leprosy?
|
|
Definition
severe skin lesions
see more organisms
weak Th1
Schwann cells
macrophages around nerve cells
LEONINE FACES |
|
|
Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum occurs in which two forms? |
|
Definition
spores-environment
(hyphae)
g
yeast- body
(spherules) |
|
|
Term
| Does histoplasmosis look like TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How is histoplasmosis diagnosed?
|
|
Definition
chest x-ray (need more)
skin test-histoplasmin antigen
culture fungal strains
serologic titer |
|
|
Term
| what causes San Joaquin Valley Fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythema nodosum is associated with what inhaled disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some histological signs of Coccidiodomycosis? |
|
Definition
sperules in multinucleated giant cells
sperules with endospores inside
purulent lesions with ppl with lower CMI |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary blastomycosis characteristics are? |
|
Definition
pus granuloma with yeast cells
broad budding (8)
lobar consolidation |
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