Schizophrenia caused by demon possession,

described through human history (Egyptian book of the Dead)

Middle Ages tx. was exorcism or hole drilled through skull.

Hallucinations

Delusions

 Bizarre Behaviors

Affective Flattening

Alogia (Poverty of speech)

Avolition (Decrease in motivation)

Anhedonia (Lack of pleasure)

William Battie

Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol

Phillippe Pinel

Benjamin Rush

Dorothea Dix

Falvet describes cyclical madness

Hecker describes hebephrenia (Hebe, Goddess of Frivolity)

1874 Kahlbaum describes catatonia &

paranoid mental disorders

1878 Emile Kraepelin coins term of Demetia Praecox (simple, paranoid, hebephrenic, catatonic)

1911 Eugen Bleuler coined schizophrenia

A. Two or more of the following

(1, 2, or 3 must be included):

1. Delusions

2. Hallucinations

3. Disorganized speech

4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

5. Negative sx.

B. Causing significant disturbance

C. For at least 6 months

D. No schizoaffective or Bipolar with Psychotic Features

First episode, currently in acute episode

First episode, currently in partial remission

First episode, currently in full remission

Multiple episodes, currently in acute episode

Multiple episodes, currently in partial remission

Multiple episodes, currently in full remission

Continuous

Unspecified

With catatonia

Strange posture

Acute contractions of the tongue, jaw, & neck

usually occurs on first few hours or days on antipsychotic medication

Opisthotonis - tightening of entire body

Oculogyric crisis - eyes locked upward

Laryngospasm - with respitory difficulty

Torticollis - twisting of cervical muscles with unnatural head position

Tremors

Phenothiazines cause this in many people

Decrease arm swing, stiffness, stooped posture, masklike faces, shuffling, festinating gait

cogwheel rigidity, seborrhea, tremor

drooling, loss of spontaneous movement, pill-rolling

passive inactivity

Movement deficits

Lack of spontaneous gesstures or voluntary movements

apathy, rigid movement

lack of converation, arm swing decreased

short stride

Jittery

motor, inner driver restlessness

tapping, rocking, jiggling, weight shifting

A. One or more delusions for 1 month or more.

B. Never diagnosed with schizophrenia

C. Other than delusions, functioning is not impaired

Specify: Delusion type, with bizarre content, course of illness

Genetic familial relationship with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder

Erotomanic - love

Grandiose - great talent

Jealous - unfaithful lover

Persecutory - being conspired against

Somatic - bodily functions/sensations

Mixed - no theme predominates

Unspecified - No dominant type

Severe parkinsonisms

muscle rigidity, catatonic appearance, tremors,

lead-pipe muscle tone,

autonomic dysfunction

severe lab abnormality

Occurs late in treatment

rapid lip movements

continues during sleep

Sustained or repetitious contractions of one or more muscle groups

Rarely remits

Involuntary face, trunk, & limb movements

facial-lingual-oral involuntary hyperkinesis

trunk movements

grunt, stress increases sx.

One or more of: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior

For at least 1 day up to one month

Specify if: with or without marked stressor, with postpartum onset, with catatonia, severity

A. Two or more of the following

(1, 2, or 3 must be included):

1. Delusions

2. Hallucinations

3. Disorganized speech

4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

5. Negative sx.

B. Causing significant disturbance

C. For at least 1 month up to 6 months

D. No schizoaffective or Bipolar with Psychotic Features

With/without good prognostic features

with catatonia

severity

A. Uninterrupted period of illness where there is a major depressive or mania episode concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia

B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of major mood disorder during lifetime of illness

C. Sx. that meet the criteria for major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness

Bipolar or Depressive type

with catatonia

course of illness

 severity

Reread criteria

Divide by use with or without use disorder

specify with onset during intoxication or withdrawal

specify severity

Associated with another mental disorder

Due to another medical condition

unspecified catatonia

stupor

catalepsy

waxy flexibility

mutism

negativism

posturing

mannerism

stereotypy

agitation

grimacing

echolalia

echopraxia