Term
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Definition
| Reasoning, planning, inhibition, problem solving (executive functioning), speech, emotions, and movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning and memory, expressive speech, perception and the recognition of auditory stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli, receptive speech |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Brainstem (pons and medulla) |
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Definition
| controls heart and lung functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| connects brain to rest of body |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters: the Big 6 |
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Definition
1. Norepinephrine
2. Serotonin
3. Dopamine
4. Gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA)
5.Acetylcholine
6.Glutamate |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotion, learning and memory. Includes: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, and Hippocampus |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory is glutamate, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Is the most potent of all human neurotransmitters (found in the hippocampus) |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition, good nutrition, and acute stress promote LTP; inhibited by chronic stress, poor nutrition, alcohol, and medical conditions. Process by which neurons, synapses and synaptic neurotransmissions utilizing glutamate are strengthened. |
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Term
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Definition
| a disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition that develop over a short period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple cognitive deficits including impairment of short term memory |
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Term
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Definition
70% are Alzheimer's dementia
17% are vascular (stroke associated) dementias
13% are other types of dementia |
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Term
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Definition
5.2 million Americans have AD
5 million are over 65
200,000 are under 65
AD is the 7th leading cause of death in the US (5th for those 65+ y.o.) |
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Term
| Cushing's Syndrom/Disease |
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Definition
| benign tumor of adrenal or pituitary gland directly/indirectly makes excess glucocorticoid steroid hormones; mental health = depression, anxiety, mania, delirium, personality change, mood swings |
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Term
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Definition
| overactive thyroid gland/nodule produces excess thyroid hormone; mental health = anxiety, mania, delirium, agitation, depression possible but less likely |
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Term
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Definition
Underactive thyroid gland or autoimmune disorder, insidious onset. Mental health = depression (MOST common), dementia, personality change, cognitive slowing, anxiety and psychosis also possible |
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Term
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Definition
- regulates alertness, attention, arousal, tension/anxiety and ability to have positive feelings
- increased levels = anxiety and/or mania (extreme)
- decreased levels = depression
- Stress = increased NE levels in brain - activate the fight or flight response
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Term
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Definition
- linked to regulation of mood, anger, and aggression, impulse control, anxiety, appetite, sleep patterns, libido, state of consciousness and perception, decision making and learning
- low levels linked to depression, anxiety and OCD
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Term
| Gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) |
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Definition
- main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
- associated with emotional balance, sleep patterns, anxiety
- low GABA = emotional instability, insomnia, anxiety, irritability, and agitation (mania) and rumination
- increased GABA = emotional stability, normal sleep pattern, decreased anxiety, irritability, agitation and rumination
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Term
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Definition
| aging hormone, stays in system longer, leads to chronic stress |
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Term
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Definition
| trigger sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
panic symptoms
(physical) |
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Definition
- palpitations, pounding heart, increased heart rate
- sweating
- trembling and shaking
- shortness of breath
- feeling of choking
- chest pain or discomfort
- nausea or abdominal distress
- feeling dizzy, lightheaded or faint
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of unreality; looking in from the outside |
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Term
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Definition
| being detached from oneself; "out of body" experience |
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Term
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Definition
- derealization and depersonalization
- fear of losing control or going crazy
- fear of impending doom or dying
- paresthesias (numbing, tingling) and hyperventilate
- chills or hot flashes
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Term
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Definition
| perception of sensory input in the absence of external stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| believing something to be true that is not |
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Term
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Definition
| person's mental associations are governed by puns, rhymes, or other rules but not by logic |
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Term
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Definition
| actions that don't appear to be directed toward a goal |
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Term
| positive or negative symptoms |
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Definition
having or missing negative symptoms that are unusual to normal people.
i.e.: positive = hallucinations/delusions
negative = flattened affect |
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Term
| diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia |
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Definition
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms, i.e. flat affect
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Term
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Definition
| paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual |
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Term
Anti-Anxiety drugs:
Benzodiazepines |
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Definition
are addicting (librium, valium, xanax, ativan)
side effects = drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, imbalance, dependence, withdrawal, tolerance. Effects exacerbated with alcohol. One months supply swallowed at once is fatal |
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Term
Anti-Anxiety drugs:
Antihistamines |
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Definition
can have same effect on GABA as benzodiazepines (benadryl, tylenol p.m., vistaril/atavax)
side effects = drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth, twitches, tremors
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Term
Anti-Anxiety drugs:
Beta Blockers |
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Definition
blocks effects of cortisol and adrenaline (inderal, Tenormin); Non-habit forming
side effects= depression, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, light-headedness, bradycardia, hypotension |
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