Term
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Definition
| Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk |
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Term
| Antimicrobial chemotherapy |
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Definition
| The use of chemotherapetuic drugs to control infection |
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Term
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Definition
All-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin
Any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of a microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs which are chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of chemical reactions to synthesize antimicrobial compounds in the laboratory |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types- drug effective mainly on gram-positive bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types- drug effective against both gram-positve and gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Any man-made substance that kills or inhibits the growth of a microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimicrobials that specifically target microbial processes, and not the human host cellular processes |
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Term
Cell Wall Synthesis
- Cycloserine
- Vancomycin |
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Definition
- Inhibits the formation of the basic peptidoglycan units
- Hinders peptidoglycan elongation |
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Term
-cillin antibiotics
What are they and what do they target? |
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Definition
Target: Cell Wall Synthesis
Based on penicillin
- Can be natural
- Can be semisynthetic
- Structure is based on beta-lactam ring with variable side chains
- Penicilinases are enzymes that inactivate the -cillin antibiotics. Posession of such an enzyme classifies the bacterium as RESISTANT |
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Term
| What is cephalosporin and what does it target? |
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Definition
Target: Cell Wall Synthesis
Isolated from the mold cephalosporium acremonium
- Diverse group with natural and semisynthetic members
- Structure is similiar to penicillin except the main ring is different and there are two sites for side chains
- Penicillinases are NOT effective against this |
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Term
| What is Chloroquine and what does it target? |
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Definition
Target: Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Binds and cross-links the DNA double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| An antiviral that contains analogs of purines and pyrimidines. Blocks replication of virues |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit DNA unwinding enzymes |
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Term
| What are aminoglycosides and what do they target? |
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Definition
Target: Protein synthesis
Binds the 30S ribosomes and produces nonfunctional proteins |
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Term
| What are Tetracyclines and what do they target? |
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Definition
Target: Protein synthesis
Block the attachment of tRNA, thus stopping translation
Side effect- GI distruption |
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Term
| What is Erythromycin and what does it target? |
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Definition
Target: Protein Synthesis
Inhibits protein synthesis
Commonly used as prophylactic before surgery |
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Term
| What is chloramphenicol and what does it target? |
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Definition
Target: Protein synthesis
- Binds to the 50S ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation
Side effect: aplastitc anemia- only use if there is no other choice! |
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Term
| What is aminoglycosides and what does it target? |
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Definition
Target: Protein synthesis
Isolated from the fungi streptomyces and micromonospora
- Broad spectrum
- Structure is amino sugars and an aminocyclitol ring
- Commonly used to treat bubonic plague and STDs |
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Term
| What two microorganism target the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| Polymixins and antifungals |
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Term
| What are sulfonamides and what do they target? |
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Definition
Target: Folic acid synthesis
Commonly used to treat pneuomonia in AIDS patients
Commonly used to treat pneumonia in AIDS patients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Target viral replication cycle by nucleic acid synthesis. Difficult to maintain selective toxicity |
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