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Drugs
Drugs
218
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02/21/2013

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Term
Appetite Suppressants (can cause Pulmonary Hypertension)
Definition
Fenfluramine; Dexfenfluramine
Term
Drugs that cause pulmonary hypertension
Definition
Fenfluramine, Dexfenfluramine, L-tryptophan, Methamphetamine, Cocaine
Term
Treatment of underlying heart disease (Left heart disease) for PH
Definition
Digoxin, diuretics
Term
Anticoagulation (PH: idiopathic, heritable, PAH due to anorexigens and chronic thromboembolic type)
Definition
Wafarin
Term
Manage right ventricular volume overload (PH)
Definition
Diuretics
Term
Goal is saturation above 90%; Primary/Supportive Therapy in PH
Definition
Oxygen supplementation
Term
Patients with PAH who develop atrial tachyarrhthmias
Definition
Digoxin
Term
Used for vasoreactivity testing (PH)
Definition
Inhaled nitrous oxide, IV epoprostenol, IV adenosine
Term
CCB: primarily affects arteriolar vasculature, due to gradual onset reflex tachycardia does not occur
Definition
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Term
CCB: dilation of pulmonary and systemic arteries, decreased peripheral resistance, systemic BP, and afterload; increased pulmonary flow
Definition
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Term
Used if positive acute vasoreactivity test (PH)
Definition
Long acting nifedipine, diltiazem, amlodipine
Term
CCB: primarily affects arteriolar vasculator; only use long acting formulations in PH
Definition
Nifedipine (Procardia XL)
Term
Common side effects include headache, flushing, hypotension, peripheral edema, constipation
Definition
Calcium Channel Blockers
Term
Serious Side effects include hypotension, syncope, right ventricular failure
Definition
Calcium Channel Blockers
Term
Block receptors that cause vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation
Definition
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Term
ERAs: treatments of PAH to improve exercise capacity and decrease the rate of clinical deterioration
Definition
Ambrisentan (Letairis), Bosentan (Tracleer)
Term
Selective for endothelin-A receptor
Definition
Ambrisentan (Letairis)
Term
Nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist (A and B)
Definition
Bosentan (Tracleer)
Term
Adverse reactions include edema, palpitation/flushing, HA, hemoglobin decrfease, hepatotoxicity, transaminases increase, respiratory tract congestion/infection
Definition
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Term
Adverse Reaction (25%): Spermatogenesis inhibition
Definition
Tracleer specific
Term
Pregnancy is a major contraindication with use of these drugs
Definition
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Term
Only available through the Letairis Education and Access Program (LEAP)
Definition
Ambrisentan
Term
Only available through the T.A.P.
Definition
Bosentan
Term
The serum concentration of it is decreased if combined with Bosentan
Definition
Conctraceptives (Estrogens and Progestins)
Term
May increase the serum concentration of Bosentan and it's serum concentration may also be decreased
Definition
Cyclosporine
Term
May enhance hepatotoxic effect of Bosentan
Definition
Glyburide
Term
Avoid these if using Bosentan
Definition
Contraceptives, Cyclosporine, Glyburide
Term
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors used in PH
Definition
Sildenafil (Revatio), Tadalafil (Adcirca)
Term
responsible for the degradation of cGMP
Definition
PDE-5
Term
increased concentrations of this results in pulmonary vasculature relaxation; vasodilation in the pulmonary bed and the systemic circulation (to a lesser degree) may occur
Definition
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
Term
Prolong the vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide
Definition
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
Term
Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group I) to improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening
Definition
Sildenafil (Revatio), Tadalafil (Adcirca)
Term
Taken orally once daily; may need dosing adjustments with CYP 3A4 inhibitors
Definition
Tadalafil (Adcirca)
Term
Adverse Reactions include HA, Dyspepsia, Flushing, Pyrexia, dizziness, diarrhea, UTI, increased LFTs, myalgia, paresthesia, abnormal vision, epistaxis, nasal congestion
Definition
PDE-5 Inhibitors (Sildenafil and Tadalafil)
Term
Prostanoids
Definition
Epoprostenol, Treprostinil, Iloprost
Term
Strong vasodilator of all vascular beds; decreases thrombogenesis by inhibiting platelet aggregation
Definition
Prostanoids
Term
Used IV; avoid abrupt withdrawal or sudden large dose reductions (PH)
Definition
Epoprostenol (Flolan)
Term
Used IV, SubQ, or Inhalation (PH)
Definition
Treprostinil (Remodulin)
Term
Used Inhalation (PH)
Definition
Iloprost (Ventavis)
Term
Adverse Reactions include anxiety, diarrhea, flu-like syndrome, flushing, HA, jaw pain, N/V, nervousness, pump malfunction, local sit infection, catheter obstruction, sepsis
Definition
Prostanoids
Term
Contraindicated in pts with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction; pts who develops pulmonary edema during dose initiation
Definition
Epoprostenol
Term
Epoprostenol Drug Interactions
Definition
Anticoagulatns and antiplatelets; Antihypertensives
Term
Preferred Agents WHO Class II (PH)
Definition
Ambrisentan, Bosentan, Sildenafil
Term
Alternative Agents WHO Class II (PH)
Definition
Tadalafil
Term
Preferred Agents WHO CLASS III (PH)
Definition
Ambrisentan, bosentan, Sildenafil, IV Epoprostenol, IV or SubQ Treprostinil, Inhaled Iloprost
Term
Alternative Agents WHO CLASS III (PH)
Definition
Tadalafil
Term
Preferred Agents WHO CLASS IV (PH)
Definition
IV epoprostenol
Term
Alternative Agents WHO CLASS IV (PH)
Definition
IV Treprostinil
Term
Preferred Agents Refractory Cases (PH)
Definition
Combination Therapy
Term
Anticholinergic Agent; Duration 4-6 hours (COPD)
Definition
Ipratropium
Term
Anticholinergic; DPI: Duration 24 hours; may be steroid sparing
Definition
Tiotropium
Term
Beta2Agonists; Combination Inhalers (COPD)
Definition
Duoneb, Combivent
Term
Risks may outweigh benefits (COPD); Increases clearance of smoking, phenytoin, Rifampin
Definition
Theophylline
Term
Theophylline decreases clearance
Definition
erythromycin, quinolones, beta-blockers, CCBS
Term
Indicated for Stage III-IV disease, frequent exacerbations (COPD)
Definition
Inhaled Corticosteroids
Term
PD4 Inhibitor; small decrease in rate of exacerbation (COPD)
Definition
Roflumilast (Daliresp)
Term
ADRs include N/V, weight loss, psychiatric effects
Definition
Roflumilast
Term
Respiratory Stimulant (COPD)
Definition
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Term
Antioxidant (COPD)
Definition
N-acetylcysteine
Term
VTE prophylaxis (Pulmonary embolism in COPD)
Definition
Heparin, Enoxaparin, Fondaparinux
Term
Drugs that energize the heart
Definition
epinephrine, atropine, vasopressin, digoxin
Term
most important drug (ACLS); A1, A2, B1, and B2 receptor agonist
Definition
Epinephrine
Term
Natural: nightshade; jimsonweed
Definition
Atropine
Term
increased SA node discharge; nerve gas/organophosphate antidote
Definition
Atropine
Term
Promotes kidney water absorption; vasoconstriction and increased BP
Definition
Vasopressin
Term
Foxglove
Definition
Digoxin
Term
slows heart but increases contractility; Na/K pump inhibitor --> increased calcium
Definition
Digoxin
Term
Anti-arrhythmic drugs (ACLS)
Definition
lidocaine; amiodarone; procaine amide
Term
blocks sodium channels in neuron cell membrane; no action potential propagation
Definition
Lidocaine
Term
Toxicity: initial CNS excitation.... seizure; higher dosage CNS depression (ACLS)
Definition
Lidocaine (amide anesthetic)
Term
prolongs refractory period; blocks potassium channels
Definition
Amiodarone
Term
Side effects: interstitial lung disease; thyroid, eye, and skin changes (ACLS)
Definition
Amiodarine (antiarrythmic)
Term
ester agent breakds down PABA; blocks nerve impulses; decreases hearat irritability
Definition
Procainamide
Term
Anti-ischemic drugs (ACLS)
Definition
Nitroglycerin, morphine, oxygen
Term
vasodilator (veins > arteries); 24 hour use causes tolerancce
Definition
Nitroglycerin
Term
mimics endorphins; dilates blood vessels
Definition
Morphine
Term
Anti-clot drugs (ACLS)
Definition
Aspirin, thrombolytics, Plavix, GIIB/IIA inhibitors
Term
willow bark
Definition
aspirin
Term
Blocks formation of thromboxane A which causes platelets to aggregate and arteries to constrict
Definition
Aspirin
Term
Thrombolytics
Definition
tPA, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase
Term
protein that breaks down blood clots; enzyme converts plasminogen to plasmin
Definition
Thrombolytics
Term
Irreversible bind to P2Y. Prevents platelet aggregation and cross linkage
Definition
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Term
inhibits aggregation
Definition
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA Inhibitors
Term
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA Inhibitors
Definition
Abciximab (irreversible); Eptifibatide/Tirofiban (reversible)
Term
Drugs to decrease blood pressure (ACLS)
Definition
BBs, Furosemide, CCBs, Nitroprusside, ACEIs
Term
does not cross BBB: test anxiety
Definition
Inderal
Term
Beta Blockers
Definition
Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol, Esmolol, Labetalol
Term
Blocks Na/K/Cl symporter in ascending loop of Henle
Definition
Furosemide (Lasix)
Term
Loss of K, Mg, and Ca
Definition
Furosemide
Term
Calcium channel blockers used in ACLS
Definition
Diltizem/Verapamil
Term
Vasodilator/AV block; decrease contractility and heart rate; danger with BB; somewhere reverse with calcium
Definition
Calcium Channel Blockers (Diltizem/Verapamil)
Term
potent dilator of veins an arteries; breaks down to cyanide
Definition
Nitroprusside
Term
Ace inhibitors
Definition
Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril, Ramikpril
Term
Drugs that increase BP (ACLS)
Definition
Dopamine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Norepinephrine
Term
Neurotransmitter; increases HR and BP
Definition
Dopamine
Term
Stimulate heart (B1); less increase BP (pressor)
Definition
Dobutamine
Term
Increases heart rate (pressor)
Definition
Isoproterenol
Term
more alpha stimulus; increase vascular resistance; septic or neurogenic shock (Pressor)
Definition
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
Term
Reversal Agents (ACLS)
Definition
Naloxone, Flumazenil, Glucagon
Term
Blocks opiate receptors; half life shorter than most opiates; can cause sudden withdrawal
Definition
Naloxone
Term
competitive inhibitor or gamma amino butyric acid (GABA); can't treat seizures with benzodiazepine; can cause withdrawal and short half life
Definition
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Term
opposite of insulin; releases glucose from liver glycogen; from the alpha islets of langerhans
Definition
Glucagon
Term
increases cyclic AMP in heart which reverses effects of beta blocker and calcium channel blockers; also relaxes LES
Definition
Glucagon
Term
Misc. drugs used in ACLS
Definition
Electrolytes, adenosine, mannitol
Term
used in Torsades de pointes; blocks calcium entry into cells shortening QT interval; bronchodilator; relaxes uterus/eclampsia
Definition
Magnesium
Term
reverses acidosis and helps with the toxicity of TCA/ASA (either by binding or urinary excretion)
Definition
Sodium Bicarbonate
Term
Multiple receptors; blocks AV node and re-entrant SVT; caffeine blocks same receptors-- blunts effect
Definition
Adenosine
Term
filtered by glomeruli but not reabsorbed; osmotic diuresis; decreased intracranialpressure
Definition
Mannitol
Term
Natural sugar alcohol... biblical manna
Definition
Mannitol
Term
Solubilizes cholesterol and decreases cholesterol secretion into bile; Used for Radiolucent (cholesterol) stones
Definition
Ursodiol (Actigall)
Term
Side effects include GI complaints, increased serum cholesterol, increased AST/ALT
Definition
Ursodiol (Actigall)
Term
Management for Cholangitis
Definition
Fluid + electrolyte replacement; pain management; ERCP; antibiotics
Term
Treatment of choice for many cases of acute cholecystitis
Definition
Cholecystectomy
Term
Management for Cholecystitis
Definition
Fluid + electrolyte replacement; pain management; cholecystectomy, "cool down" period; antibiotics
Term
mild-moderate choleccystitis:
Definition
Cefazolin; Cefuroxime; Ceftriaxone; Duct anastomosis: (Clostridium Bacteroides) add Metronidazole
Term
severe, advanced age, immunocompromised cholecystitis
Definition
Imipenem/Mero/Dori/Pip-Tazo/cefepime/Levo/Cipro; each in combination with Metro
Term
associated biliary sludge; usually occurs > 9 days
Definition
Ceftriaxone
Term
healthcare-associated biliary infection
Definition
same as severe cholecystitis; add vancomycin
Term
Drug induced pancreatitis (rare): Definite Association
Definition
corticosteroids, furosemide, estrogens, opiates, SMX/TMP, valproic acid/salts
Term
Acute pancreatitis: 4-7 years of abuse
Definition
alcohol
Term
pain management in acute pancreatitis
Definition
narcotics
Term
Acute pancreatitis medical management
Definition
Decrease exocrine stimulation: D/C oral intake, nasal gastric suction, enteral feeding vs TPN; Pain management: Hydromorphone; ERCP; cholecystectomy if associated w/ gallstones
Term
Sphincter of Oddi preferred agent (potent + long half life; less clinical data)
Definition
Hydromorphone
Term
Sphincter of Oddi Drugs
Definition
Meperidine, Morphine, Hydromorphone
Term
Used in sphincter of oddi: causes seizures
Definition
Normeperidine
Term
increased common bile duct pressure
Definition
Morphine
Term
Acute Pancreatitis Supportive Therapy
Definition
H2 blockers/PPIs; Octreotide
Term
reduce pancreatic exocrine secretion; no more effective than nasal gastric suction
Definition
H2 blockers/PPIs
Term
0.5 mcg/kg/hr IV continuously; inhibits pancreatic secretion; conflicting clinical results; maybe in severe pancreatitis
Definition
Octreotide
Term
Prophylactice use considered for necrotizing pancreatitis
Definition
Imipenem; Meropenem; Doripenem
Term
malabsorption (S/S of chronic pancreatitis)
Definition
decreased fat and protein absorption, weight loss, Vitamin B12
Term
Pain control in chronic pancreatitis
Definition
Initially NSAIDs or APAP; Narcotics around the clock sustained release forms
Term
Pancreatic enzymes
Definition
creon, pancreaze, pancrelipase, zenpep
Term
dosed based on lipase content; uncertain place in therapy (mild to moderate disease); supplementation of fat soluble vitamins
Definition
pancreatic enzymes
Term
Normal: 10-40 U/L
Definition
Aspartate transaminase (AST)
Term
Normal: 10-60 U/L
Definition
Alanine transaminase (ALT)
Term
Normal: 40-120 U/L (varies with assay); also elevated in bone disorders, tumors
Definition
Alkaline Phosphatase
Term
Normal: 0-50 U/L (Varies with assay); sensitivity about 70% EtOH liver disease
Definition
Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
Term
Normal: 100-220 U/L (varies with assay); not specific: hemolysis, MI, trauma, cancer
Definition
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Term
Drug induced liver disease
Definition
HMG-CoA inhibitors; Antimycobacterial agents (Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide), azoles; APAP and Alcohol; Phenytoin
Term
Medications causing centrolobular necrosis (liver disease)
Definition
acetaminophen, halothane, aspirin, valproate
Term
Medciations causing Steatohepatitis
Definition
Alochol, tetracycline, valproate
Term
Medications that cause Phospholipidosis (liver disease)
Definition
Amiodarone
Term
Medications that cause Hepatocellular Necrosis (Liver disease)
Definition
Isoniazid, Ketoconazole
Term
Medications causing Toxic Cirrosis
Definition
Methotrexate, Vitamin A (high dose)
Term
Medications causing cholestatic injury
Definition
estrogens, chlorpromazine, amox-clav, erythromycin, SMX-TMP
Term
Medications causing liver vascular disorders
Definition
androgens, estrogens, tamoxifen, azathioprine
Term
Treats Amebic liver disease
Definition
Metronidazole 750 mg TID x 7-10 days
Term
Empiric therapy for pyogenic liver abscess
Definition
broad spectrum antibiotics; piperacillin/tazobacta, carbapenems, 3rd or 4th gen ceph + metro, FQ + metro, 2-3 weeks IV then 2-3 weeks PO
Term
Normal serum peak 1.5-2 hrs; Overdose: up to 4 hours
Definition
Acetaminophen
Term
Highly toxic---> hepatic necrosis; usually formed in small amounts
Definition
N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine
Term
treatment of acute acetaminophen overdose
Definition
activated charcoal (if <4 hrs of ingestion); acetylcysteine
Term
reduces conversion of APAP to NAPQI (increased glutathione stores, combines directly with NAPQI, Increased nontoxic sulfate conjugation)
Definition
Acetylcysteine
Term
best if given within 24 hours of APAP overdose (<8 hrs ideal)
Definition
Acetylcysteine
Term
Adverse drug reactions include anaphylactoid reactions
Definition
acetylcysteine IV
Term
Adverse drug reactions include nausea and vomiting
Definition
acetylcystine PO
Term
only given in low risk situations; (function GI tract and no evidence of hepatotoxicity); readmister if dose vomited w/in 1 hr
Definition
Oral acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
Term
moderate-high risk situations; evidence of hepatotoxicity or APAP overdose likely
Definition
IV acetylcysteine (Acetadote)
Term
alcohol withdraw: reduce potential for seizures, titrate over 3-5 days
Definition
Benzodiazepines
Term
"banana bag" given in alcohol withdrawal
Definition
thiamine, magnesium, multivitamins, folic acid
Term
Wernickes encephalopathy
Definition
complication of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
Term
Alcohol withdrawal: No metabolite, rapid onset, ok in liver insufficiency, higher abuse potential, more frequent
Definition
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Term
Alcohol withdrawal: rapid onset, less frequent dosing, accumulation, higher abuse potential
Definition
Diazepam (Valium)
Term
Alcohol withdrawal: intermediate onset, less frequent dosing, accumulation, PO only
Definition
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Term
Alcohol withdrawal Alternative Treatments
Definition
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital); Propofol; Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, gabapentin)
Term
Alcohol withdrawal Adjunctive treatments (rarely used)
Definition
Alpha 2 agonists (clonidine, dexmedetomidine); beta blockers (atenolol), haloperidol
Term
Hepatic impairment; Newer medications--> Child-Pugh score
Definition
Caspofungin, Voriconazole, Atomoxetine, Letrozole
Term
restricted drug distribution systems (RDDS)
Definition
Gefitinib, dofetilide, bosentan, iloprost, clozapine, buprenorphine tabs, cisapride, isotretinoin, lenalidomide, thalidomide
Term
drug-induced seizures: majority are singular events that occurred within 24 hrs after ingestion of toxic dose; of these, chronic use predisposed this group to seizure
Definition
Tramadol
Term
often used to treat refractory status epilepticus; case reports some pts experienced EEG changes during induction, emergence and recovery from anesthesia
Definition
Propofol
Term
High incidence of seizures; pts with hyperventilation and hypocapnia predisposed
Definition
sevoflurane
Term
drug-induced seizures; incidence higher when used idn combo with other antibiotics
Definition
penicillins and carbapenems
Term
drug-induced seizures; renally dose adjusted, elderly
Definition
Fluoroquiniolones
Term
OD accounts for 40% of seizures in ER; incidence varies at therapeutic doses
Definition
Antidepressants (TCAs, Bupropion)
Term
highest incidence of older agents (drug-induced seiures)--- antipsychotics (dose dependent!)
Definition
Chlorpromazine
Term
highest risk of drug-induced seizures of atypical agents
Definition
Clozapine
Term
Children at risk for ADHD inherently have higher risk for seizures
Definition
Stimulants
Term
causes corneal deposits, halo vision, lens opacities, optic neuropathy
Definition
Amiodarone
Term
Causes corneal desposits, maculopathy, retinopathy, blurred vision, nyctalopia, oculogyric crisis
Definition
Chloroquine
Term
Cataracts, increased intraocular pressure, decreased vision, proptosis, mydriasis, myopia, optic neuropathy, papilledema, pseudotumor cerebri
Definition
corticosteroids
Term
corneal deposits, maculopathy, retinopathy
Definition
hydroxychloroquine
Term
blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus
Definition
lamotrigine
Term
blurred vision, color vision changes, increased brightness, NAION, reduced visual acuity, retinal vein occlusion, thrombosis
Definition
Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
Term
formation of reactive oxygen species, loss of hair cells, loss of spiral ganglion (drug-induced ototoxicity)
Definition
aminoglycosides
Term
changes in mitochondrial function, direct cell death, decreased number of hair cells (drug-induced ototoxicity)
Definition
chemotherapeutic agents
Term
disruption of endocochlear fluid homeostasis, endolymph changes (drug-induced ototoxicity)
Definition
diuretics
Term
decreased cochlear blood flow (drug-induced ototoxicity)
Definition
quinine and salicylates
Term
activation of NMDA receptors (drug-induced ototoxicity)
Definition
Salicylates
Term
rapid injection can cause ototoxicity
Definition
Furosemide
Term
Drug-induced bronchospasm: predominant in women, bronchospasm preceded by rhinorrhea, flushing of head and neck, conjunctivitis
Definition
Aspirin
Term
IgE mediated anaphylaxis (drug-induced bronchospasm)
Definition
penicillins, sulfonamides, cephalosporins
Term
drug induced bronchospasm; all have been associated with causing asthma attacks
Definition
beta blockers
Term
drug-induced bronchospasm: anaphylactoid mast cell degranulation
Definition
contrast media
Term
drug-induced bronchospasm: bradykinin production
Definition
ace inhibitor induced cough
Term
most widely reported non-cytotoxic drug to cause pulmonary fibrosis; unique molecular structure
Definition
Amiodarone
Term
strong oxidizer of iron and oxygen; "bronchiolitis obliterans with organization pneumonitis (BOOP)
Definition
Bleomycin
Term
Management pulmonary fibrosis
Definition
discontinuation of offending agents; corticosteroids-- standard of therapy
Term
Fluid retention, increased vascular permeability, older age and advanced DM higher risk--> drug induced heart failure
Definition
Glitazones
Term
high incidence of drug-induced exacerbated HF; Amiodarone and Dofetilide have not shown to adversely affect survival of patients
Definition
Anti-arrhythmic agents
Term
has been shown to adversely affect survival of pts with heart failure
Definition
Dronedarone
Term
dependent on mean cumulative dose; generally considered irreversible; drug-induced heart failure
Definition
Anthracyclines
Term
drug-induced heart failure; antagonize action of diuretics and ace inhibitors
Definition
NSAIDS/COX2 inhibitors
Term
drug-induced heart failure; long term therapy beneficial to heart failure pts--- start low, go slow
Definition
beta blockers
Term
drug-induced heart failure; more likely to occur in patients with lower EF; due ot strong negative inotropy
Definition
Diltiazem, Nifedipine
Term
treatment of acute HF exacerbations
Definition
Diuresis; vasoactive medications in severe cases
Term
Hemodynamic mediated AKI: reduction of intravascular volume and effective hemodynamic pressures
Definition
diuretics (Loop)
Term
drug-induced hemodynamic mediated AKI; vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
Definition
cyclosporine
Term
Primary agents in drug-induced acute tubular necrosis
Definition
aminoglycosides, radiocontrast media
Term
primary agents causing interstitial nephritis
Definition
beta lactams, NSAIDs, rifampin, lithium, allopurinol, thiazide diuretics
Term
management of interstitial nephritis
Definition
discontinuation of drug; administration of corticosteroids
Term
primary agents causing nephrolithiasis
Definition
acyclovir, forcarnet, furosemide, indinavir, topiramate, sulfonamides, zonisamide
Term
Management of Glomerulonephritis
Definition
discontinuation of drug, steroids and diuretics, dialysis
Term
Alternative agents for anticoagulation (if HIT)
Definition
lepirudin, argatroban, fondaparinux, bivalirudin
Term
direct thrombin inhibitor; considerations: renal dosing
Definition
Lepirudin
Term
direct thrombin inhibitor; considerations: hepatic dosing; interference with INR
Definition
Argatroban
Term
direct Xa inhibitors; considerations: renal dosing; still a heparnoid molecule
Definition
Fondaparinux
Term
direct thrombin inhibitor; considerations: renal dosing
Definition
Bivalirudin
Term
Can start when platelet count reaches 150,000; venous limb gangrene if used alone prior to platelet count reaching 150.000
Definition
Warfarin
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