Term
|
Definition
muscarinic and nicotinic agonist.
no clinical use, immediately hydrolyzed by Ache |
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Term
|
Definition
muscarinic receptor agonist
treat flaccid abdomen, urinary retention
don't use with asthamatics because it causes bronchospasm |
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Term
|
Definition
muscarinic receptor agonist
treat glaucoma and dry mouth
bronchospams, increase in exocrine secretions |
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Term
|
Definition
low does it stimulates nictoinic receptors
high doses it inhibits nicotinic receptors and death is possible |
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Term
|
Definition
reversible inhibits AchE (5-10)
use to diagnose myasthenia gravis, antidote to tubocarine
overdose can cause cholinergic crisis |
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Term
|
Definition
reversibly inhibits AchE
treats alzheimer's disease
insomnia as a side effect |
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Term
| pyridostigmine and physostigmine |
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Definition
reversibly inhibits AchE
treats mysthenia gravis
increase in Ach can cause cholinergic crisis
physostigmine is a good antidote for atropine overdose |
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Term
|
Definition
irreversibly inhibits AchE (8days)
treats glaucoma(eye drop form) and esotropia
can result in cholinergic crisis |
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Term
|
Definition
regnerates free and active AchE if given quickly enough
with atropine it treats cholinergic crisis
side effects=blurred vision, tachycardia and dizziness |
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Term
|
Definition
Blocks M1-M5 receptors.
used as a inhibitor to AchE inhibitors, retinal exams and adjuvant in anesthesia and PD
initially starts with bradycardia (because affecting M2 presynaptic autoreceptors, and then tachycardia when it starts to affect M2 postsynaptic) |
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Term
|
Definition
blocks M1-M5
treats motion sickness
OD=anticholinergic symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
blocks M3 receptor
used to treat asthma, COPD
given as an aerosol to control bronchospasm |
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Term
|
Definition
blocks M3 receptors,
treats irritable bowel syndrome
can also be used in urinary incontince |
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Term
| muscarinic antagonists produce what kind of visual defecits |
|
Definition
cycloplegia i.e. loss of ability to accomadate for near vision.
in contrast muscarinic agonists lose the ability to accomadate for far vision |
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Term
|
Definition
autonomic ganglionic depolarizing drug. activates at high lose, inhibits at low dose
tachycardia, increased BP, reduced GI motility (due to discharge of catecholamines from adrenal medulla) |
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Term
|
Definition
| competitive Ach receptor blocker, used in smoking cessation programs |
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Term
|
Definition
Ach channel blocker, once used to treat hypertension
prevents choline from entering the neuron |
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Term
|
Definition
competitive Ach receptor blocker
once used to treat hypertensive crisis |
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Term
| The predominant tone of aterioles and venules is sympathetic in nature. ganglionic blockade will produce what effects? |
|
Definition
arterioles: vasodilation, increased peripheral blood flow and hyptonsion
in veins dilation causes peripheral pooling of blood, decreased venous return and decreased cardiac output |
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Term
|
Definition
blocks Nm receptors competitively
muscle relaxant in surgical anesthesia |
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Term
|
Definition
blocks nicotinic Nm receptors competitively
muscle relaxation in surgical anesthesia
causes histamine release and allergy |
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Term
|
Definition
closes sodium channels (depolarization blocker)
used as a muscle relaxant in surgical anesthesia
produces depolarizing muscle blockade |
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Term
|
Definition
| block of choline uptake into neuron |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| promotion of neuroexocytosis or displacement of transmitter from axonal terminal |
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Term
|
Definition
most selective alpha 1 agonist.
initially results in increase in BP but waning effect due to parasympathetic reflex (musacarinic Ach) |
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Term
|
Definition
most selective alpha 2 AR.
decreases BP and some analgesia |
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Term
|
Definition
alpha 2 AR
used for congestion |
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Term
|
Definition
alpha 2 AR,
used for glaucoma |
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Term
|
Definition
most selective beta 1 AR agonist
increases cardiac output (increase cardiac contractility and renin secretion by kidneys. |
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Term
|
Definition
selective for beta 2 AR agonist
used in acute bronchospasm as well as suppress premature labor |
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Term
|
Definition
most selective for beta 2 AR,
used as a bronchodilator |
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|
Term
| phenoxybenzamine/phentolamine |
|
Definition
alpha1=alpha 2 antagonist.
used to control pheochromocytoma(excess EPI and NE) before surgery.
also treats carcinoid, mastocytosis
epi reversal possible |
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|
Term
| Prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin |
|
Definition
alpha 1>>>>>>alpha 2 antagonists
reduce blood pressure by blocking alpha 1 receptors in arterioles and venules
also used in BPH to reduce urinary hesitancy and increase urine flow. tackles two problems with one drug
less reflex tachcardia because don't affect alpha 2 as much |
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Term
|
Definition
alpha 1A, alpha 1D>>alpha 1B antagonist
used to increase urine flow in BPH patients
no BP effects because of subtype selectivity |
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Term
|
Definition
alpha 2>>alpha 1 antagonist
used to cure ED
drops BP because of alpha 2 |
|
|
Term
| What six things do beta blockers do? |
|
Definition
1. decrease BP (direct cardiac and renin)
2. bronchoconstrict
3. decrease glycogen breakdown and glucagon release (results in fasting hypoglcemia)
4. reduce aqueous humor release
5. ISA (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity)
6. MSA (membrane stimulating activity)
4. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta1=beta2 antagonist
treat open angle glaucoma, also does not have local anesthetic affects so beta blocker of choice |
|
|
Term
| what are the major contraindications for beta blockers? |
|
Definition
-anyone with a partial or complete AV heart block
-asthmatics
-insulin dependent diabetics |
|
|
Term
| in addition to lower BP and slowing the rate of cardiac contraction, what other applications does propanolol have? |
|
Definition
beta1=beta2 blocker
1. migraine
2. postural tremor suppression
3. protect against arrhythmias in thyroid storm
4. alcohol withdrawal
5. taken prophylactically for stage fright |
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|
Term
|
Definition
beta1=beta2 blocker AND blocks alpha 1.
useful for pheochromocytoma and hypertensive emergencies. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
beta1=beta2 blocker and alpha 1 blocker
treats mild to moderate HTN. also useful in reflex tachycardia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the features of an MAOI overdose? |
|
Definition
| hyperpyrexia, HTN, hyperflexia, involuntary movements, agitation, hallucninations and coma |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects of lithium use? |
|
Definition
1. neurologic and psychiatric i.e. tremor
2. decreased thyroid function
3. renal side effects: excessive free water clearance. Thiazide diuretics to treat but need to reduce lithium dose 25%
4. chronic interstitial nephritis
5. edema |
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Term
|
Definition
AKA valium
anxiolytic benzodiazepine used as an anti-convulsant during status epilepticus and alcohol withdrawal. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| anxiolytic benzodiazepine for use in elderly because it has a shorter half life. |
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Term
|
Definition
5-HT and D2 agonist
has selective anxiolytic effects with slow onset over weeks.
has a low frequency of side effects |
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Term
|
Definition
hypnotic selective GABA agonist
not an anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant |
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Term
|
Definition
novel hypnotic for sleep induction
MT1 and MT2 receptor agonists that act via the suprachiasmatic nucleus
no rebound insomnia or withdrawal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
benzodiazepine agonist.
IV, rapid onset
may cause seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another hypnotic agent. metabolized in liver with a 1hr half life. |
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Term
|
Definition
| barbiturate: duration of action greater than 1 day used in seizure treatment |
|
|
Term
| what is the antidote for anticholinergic poisoning? |
|
Definition
benzodiazepines
if pure anticholinergic then use physostigmine |
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|
Term
| antidote for acetominophen overdose |
|
Definition
| N-acetylcysteine within 8-10 hours. |
|
|
Term
| what are the two treatments for ethylene glycol poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two treatments for ethylene glycol poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the antidote for cyanide poisoning? |
|
Definition
| hydroxocobalamin (makes B12) |
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