Term
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Definition
Class: sympathomimetic
Uses: treat allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest
MOA: one or more adrenergic sites; promotion of CNS and cardiac stimulation and bronchodilation
Absorption: subQ/IM/IV:Rapidly
Distribution: PB: UK; in breast milk
Metabolism: t1/2: UK
Excretion: in urine unchanged
Adverse reactions: palpations, tachycardia, dypsnea
LIFE THREATENING: Ventricular fibrillation, pulmonary edema
Side effects: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, nervousness, tremors, agitation, headache, pallor, insomnia, syncope, dizziness |
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Term
| atropine (Atropine Sulfate) |
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Definition
Class: Anticholinergic/parasympatholytic
Uses: Preoperative med to reduce salivation, increase HR, Dilate pupils
MOA: inhibition of ACh by occupying the receptors; increase HR by blocking vagus stimulation; promote dilation of pupils by blocking iris sphincter muscle
Absorption: PO/IM: Well absorbed
Distribution: PB: UK; crosses the placenta
Metabolism: t1/2: 2-3 h
Excretion: 75% in urine
Adverse effects: Tachycardia, hypotension, pupillary dilation, abdominal distention, palpations, nasal congestion
LIFE THREATENING: Paralytic ileus, coma
Side effects: Dry mouth, headache, constipation, rash, dry skin, flush, blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention |
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Term
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Definition
Class: uricosuric
Uses: treatment for hyperuricemia; promotes urinary excretion of uric acid. For gout and gouty arthritis. Alkaline urine helps prevent renal stones. Increase fluid intake.
MOA: blocks the reabsorption of uric acid and promotes its excretion
Absorption: PO
Metabolism: t1/2: 8-10 h; 85-95% protein bound (highly bound)
*small doses of colchicine should be given before adding probenecid*
*should not be given for acute attacks*
*use caution when giving this with highly protein bound drugs* |
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Term
| terbutaline sulfate (Brethine) |
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic/Bronchodilator
Uses: Primary use is to correct bronchospasm. Unofficial use during premature labor to prevent premature birth
Absorption: PO/SC/Inhal |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Cholinergics
Uses: to improve memory in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia. Drug inhances cholinergic fuction |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Benzodiazepine/hypnotic
Uses: treat insomnia by inducing and sustaining sleep
Absorption: well absorbed through GI mucosa
Metabolism: rapidly metabolized in the to activate metabolites; t1/2: 45-100 h.
Highly protein bound, use caution with other highly protein bound drugs.
*the normal dose of benzodiazepine may be too much for the older adult, so half the dose is recommended initially to avoid overdose. Alcohol or narcotics may cause additive CNS response |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Anorexiant/Analeptic
Uses: treat respiratory depression caused by drug overdose, pre- and postanesthetic respiratory depression, and COPD. Should be used with caution for the treatment of neonatal apnea.
MOA: IV, onset of action within 20-40 seconds, peak action within 2 minutes.
Side effects are infrequent; however with an overdose, hypertension, tachycardia, trembling and convulsions can occur. |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic Drugs (alpha 1, Beta 1, Beta 2)
Uses: To treat hypotensive states, bronchospasm, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension. Effective for relief of symptoms of hay fever, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis.
Absorption: PO
Side effects: drug resistance may occur with prolongeduse of ephedrine, if this occurs stop drug for 3-5 days then resume. |
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Term
| sumatriptan succinate (Imitrex) |
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Definition
Class: Selective Serotinin 1 Receptor Agonists (Triptans)
Uses: treat acute migraine attacks and cluster headaches. Promotes vasoconstriction.
MOA: PO, subQ, Imtranasal |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Adrenergic Blocker, (beta 1 & 2)
Uses: Management of angina pectoris, MI, hypertension, dysrhythmias, thyrotoxicosis.
Absorption: PO
*Bradycardia and decrease in BP are common cardiac effects of beta-adrenergic blockers*
*nonselective*
Client teaching: Avoid abruptly stopping, comply with drug regimen, teach client and family to monitor pulse and BP,
Side effects: avoid orthostatic hypotension, mood changes, depression, nightmares, suicidal tendencies impotence, decreased libido |
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Term
| carbidopa-levadopa (Sinemet) |
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Definition
Class: Antiparkinson: dopaminergic
Uses: to treat parkinsonism; to relieve tremors and rigidity
MOA: transmission of levodopa to the brain cells for conversion to dopamine; carbidopa blocks the conversion of levadopa to dopamine in the peripheral nervous system
Absorption: PO: well absorbed
Distribution: PB: Carbidopa: 36%; levodopa: UK
Metabolism: t1/2: 1-2 h
Excretion: in urine as metabolites
Adverse reactions: involuntary choreiform movements, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, psychosis, severe depression, hallucinations
LIFE THREATENING: agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, leukopenia
Contraindications: narrow-angle glaucoma; severe cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease
Caution: peptic ulcer, psychiatric disorders |
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Term
| metoprolol tartate (Lopressor) beta1 |
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Definition
Class: selective beta-adrenergic blockers
Uses: management of hypertension, angina pectoris, and postmyocardial infarction
Absorption: PO
metabolism: t1/2: 3-4 h
Side effects: bradycardia, dizziness, and GI distress may occur |
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Term
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Definition
Class: anticonvulsant, barbiturate
Uses: long acting barbiturate, used for grand mal seizures, and to control status epilepticus. may be used in combination with phenytoin. |
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