Term
| Name the Three Opioid Receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a function of the mu receptor |
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Definition
| Responsible for broad pain effects and behavioural effects |
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Term
| What is a function of the kappa receptor |
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Definition
| Aversive effects, lowers dopamine creating a dysphoric mood |
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Term
| What is a function of the Delta receptor? |
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Definition
| Reduces thermal and mechanical pain |
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Term
| What is the immediate effect of an SSRI on seretonin transmission? |
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Definition
| Selectively blocks reuptake of seretonin, making more seretonin available at the synapse. |
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Term
| Name the three classes of anti-depressants |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs? |
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Definition
| Block reuptake transporter proteins, diminishing ability of presynaptic cells to reabsorb and recycle 5HT. This causes the buildup of 5HT at synapses and prolongs post synaptic receptor stimulation. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs? |
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Definition
| Blocks activity of monoamine oxidase so that dopamine, neurepinephrine and 5HT that float around in cytoplasm are available for storage/release. (Increases the availability of these these monoamines at synapse) |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of Tricyclics? |
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Definition
| Block reuptake transporter proteins on terminal buttons of 5HT and NE so after they are released their reuptake is inhibited and the duration of action is prolonged. |
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Term
| Describe two theories / mechanisms through which SSRIs produce long term antidepressant effects. |
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Definition
Autoreceptors on seretonin synapses detect exess seretonin and lower seretonin release. IT takes weeks to exhaust this system.
2) Electrical Activity in seretonin synapses only increases after 1 to 2 weeks of exposure to the drug. |
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Term
| Name and describe three sensory/emotional phenomena produced by hallucinogens. |
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Definition
1) Phantasticant : Feelings of emotional significance.
2) Entactogens : Feelings of insight
3) Psychomimetics : Delusions and hallucinations |
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Term
| 3 medically useful applications of cannabinoids. |
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Definition
1) Glaucoma, lowers pressure of eye fluid
2)Antimemtic : Stops nausea and vomiting
3) Pain : CNS pain centres lower response to pain after administration. |
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Term
| Describe the phenomena of the paradoxical actions of naltrexone on effects of morphine. (with one study) |
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Definition
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist so is expected to reverse the opoid receptor againist (morphine) from having an effect on mu receptors and pain. At large doses this is true but at lowe doese, it enhances the effect and duration of morphine.
Hot plate paw lick latency test with rats. |
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Term
| Describe 2 pathways through which morphine exerts it's analesgic effects. |
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Definition
1)Blocks areas of spinal cord that transmit dull, burning pain and block this sensory info. Activates the periaquaductal gray.
2) Reduces the aversive emotional aspects of pain by activating opioid receptors iin the limbic system and frontal cortex |
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