1. Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), methanol (wood alcohol), and ethyl alcohol (drink)

Beer, tequila, whiskey, wine, etc.

• Dilation of capillaries (flushed skin)
• Sensation of warmth
• Inhibits antidiuretic hormone/increases urination and water loss

• While BAC is rising, feelings of euphoria and elation
• At high levels when BAC is falling, feelings of depression, anger, aggression and sedation
• Decrease in vision (lower acuity and peripheral)
• Decreased sensitiviey to taste, smell, and pain.
• Slower reaction time and accuracy
• Detrimental to memory, attention, and information retrieval
• Blackouts
• Driving issues
• Lack of behavioral inhibition - cares less about risk and social norms - want short term gratification

1. Liver damage- cirrhosis
2. Nervous system- loss of memory skills, increased risk of excitotoxicity
3. Mouth, throat, colon, and liver cancer
4. Decreased sex drive in males and adverse fetus effects
5. Heart disease

• Yes, too much causes death (in the respiratory center)
• Overdose when used with drugs
• Indirectly by things such as driving deaths and making other stupid decisions

• In breath, sweat, tears, urine, and feces, but 98% is metabolized in the liver and eliminated by the kidneys, lungs, or through skin. 
• Alcohol --> acetyaldehyde (rate limiting) --> acetyl coenzyme A

Blood alcohol content

.1% means there are 0.1g of alcohol to every 1L of blood

1. Antabuse/Disulfiram: blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase leaving more aldehyde- this makes people feel sick, so they will only have to drink a little to feel sick, promoting less drinking
2. Acamprosate: suppresses hyperactive glutamate after drinking activity which reduce the aversiveness of withdrawal
3. Naltrexone: an opioid receptor antagonist that reduces the "high" of alcohol along with the craving.

• Phenobarbitual (luminol)
• Butalbital (Fioricet)

1. Alprazolam (xanax)
2. Diazepam (valium)
3. Triazolam (hacion)
4. Temazepam (bestoril)

They are the same as benzodiazepines but do not mess with sleep architecture (sleep cycles)

1. Zolpidem (ambien)
2. Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

• Muscle relaxant
• Sedation
• Anticonvulsive
• Increased appetite/weight gain

• Reduce anxiety
• Can improve performance in individuals with high anxiety
• Deficits in visual and auditory functioning
• Memory impairments

• Barbiturates can be- OD can lead to respiratory failure
• Benzodiazepnies are seldom fatal

Yes, it is possible. 

"Mother's Little Helper" - perscribed to stay at home mothers back in the day

But they are often used with other drugs of abuse

Cramps, tremors, and convlusions.

These are short lived by extremely intense.

• Anxiety
• Panic
• Irregular heartbeat

These are less intense, but cyclical and long lasting

1. Cocaine: extracted from coca and was orginally chewed; crack is what you smoke
2. Amphetamines: They are synthetic and used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD (adderall); can be turned into meth
3. Mehtylphendate: a snthetic drug similar to coaine; used for ADHD (ritalin)

• Increased heart rate
• Increased blood pressure
• Less sleep
• Less fatigue

• Increased motor stimulation
• Increased alertness/vigilance
• Improved mood and anxiety
• Increased performance

• Intense feelings of euphoria followed by mild depression
• Increased stereotyped behavior
• MA psychosis (paranoid schizophrenia)

Yes, chronic consumption can produce:

• neurotoxicity
• Stroke
• MA psychosis
• Depression
• Criminial behavior

They can cause cardiovascular death/heart failure

1. Use in schools by kids who don't need them
2. Bath salts- hallucinations and violence

1. Caffeine
2. Theophylline (ued to treat asthma)
3. Theobromine (what is bad for dogs)

Coffee, tea, cocoa (from cacao)

• Delay sleep onset and/or decreases overall sleep
• Increase urination
• Headache relief/onset

• Increase feelings of alertness, confidence, and motivation for work
• Improves attention and speeds reaction times
• May improve mood and make tasks seem easier

• Cigarettes, pipes, chew, cigars
• The patch
• Gum
• E-cigarettes
• Lozenges
• Hookah

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Stimulates activity in the bowel
• Stimulates vomiting center

• Perceived as pleasurable
• May increase attention and accuracy on some tasks

• Heart disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchitis and emphazema)
• Cancer

• Death due to OD would have to come from an administration of pure nicotine
• With long-term exposure it clearly is (cancer and what not)

• Mainstream: what the smoker exhales
• Sidestream: what comes from the burning cig (more dangerous)
• Third hand: toxins that are left in the air after the smoker is finished smoking

Nicotinic

They are ionotropic receptors, and binding of nicotine causes them to open (only need 1, but can have 2)

• Increased eating and weight gain
• Inability to concentrate
• Increased awakenings from sleep
• Craving
• Mood changes: anxiety, anger, aggresion, depression, irritability
• Decreased working memory